Endgame 1758

Cover

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Title Page, Copyright

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pp. iii-iv

Contents

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pp. vii-

List of Illustrations

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pp. viii-

List of Maps

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pp. viii-

Acknowledgments

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pp. ix-

I would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance in the preparation of this book: B. A. Balcom, Charles Burke, René Chartrand, Elisabeth Demers, Kenneth Donovan, Bruce Fry, Heather Gillis,...

Terminology and Dates

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pp. x-

The reader will encounter both Mi’kmaq and Mi’kmaw in this text. Mi’kmaq is the spelling used when the people as a whole are being described. Mi’kmaw refers to a single person, and it is the adjectival form. All dates are presented according to the Gregorian calendar,...

Prologue: The Book Ahead

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pp. 1-22

I did not realize it when I began to write this book, but it has turned out to be the closing chapter of my multivolume biography of eighteenth- century Louisbourg. It may sound odd to speak of a constantly evolving settlement of thousands of people over the span of four decades in terms of a biography. Nonetheless, that is...

Chapter 1: Opening Moves, 1749

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pp. 23-45

Some dates loom larger than others, and in what is now Atlantic Canada, 1749 was a year of paramount importance. Two events that summer were to have a deep impact on all peoples in the region: Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), French, Acadians,...

Chapter 2: Middle Game, 1750–1755

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pp. 46-87

The events of 1749 altered more than the physical surroundings at Halifax and Louisbourg. Because the two major initiatives elevated the hopes and fears of all implicated peoples— the Mi’kmaq, the Acadians, and the British and the...

Chapter 3: The Match Heightens, 1756–1757

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pp. 88-147

Louisbourg harbor does not freeze over in the twenty-first century, nor did it in the eighteenth. Thus the only times ships could not come and go as their captains pleased was when strong winds or no winds at all made it impossible, or when packs of...

Chapter 4: Beginning of the End, Early 1758

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pp. 148-183

The people of Louisbourg made a valiant effort to enjoy themselves during the winter of 1757–58. Throughout the cold, dark season they did their best to put aside worries about blockades, food shortages, and a looming British assault. January...

Chapter 5: This Time for Real, June 1–7, 1758

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pp. 184-206

The showdown building on and offshore at Louisbourg in the early days of June 1758 involved an enormous cast of characters. Including civilians, there were perhaps as many as thirty thousand individuals on the attacking side and ten thousand...

Chapter 6: Attack and Defend, June 8–July 27, 1758

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pp. 207-272

As midnight struck on June 7 and the calendar rolled over to June 8, sailors extinguished nearly all the visible lights on the British transports anchored in Gabarus Bay. The only exceptions were at the waterline, where lanterns hung over...

Chapter 7: Winner Take All

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pp. 273-290

The last days of July and early days of August 1758 brought little respite for the victors or the vanquished other than that the bombardment stopped. One task confronting both sides was a tabulation of dead and injured. As the attacker of an entrenched fortification,...

Appendix 1: French Ships to Louisbourg, 1758

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pp. 291-

Appendix 2: British Ships at Louisbourg, 1758

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pp. 292-293

Appendix 3: French Land Forces at Louisbourg, 1758

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pp. 294-

Appendix 4: British Land Forces at Louisbourg, 1758

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pp. 295-296

Notes

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pp. 297-336

Bibliography

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pp. 337-350

Index

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pp. 351-365