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Abū-Ma‘shar (Albumasar), 35, 41, 208n10 accommodation, principle of, 62, 64, 66, 68, 75 “An Account of the Latitude of Constantinople and Rhodes” (Greaves), 126–27 Africanus, Leo (al-H . asan ibn Muh .ammad alWazz ān), 25, 26 Ah .mad, H . ajjī, 26 alchemy, 17–18, 90, 91, 99, 195n53 Alexander, Amir, 135 Alī Pasha, 17, 35 ‘Alī Qūshjī, 28, 111, 194n46 Almagest (Ptolemy), 2, 12, 88, 107, 172n4, 194n47 Almosnino, Moshe, 23, 88, 194n45 Americas. See New World Amsterdam, 76, 78, 85, 86, 97, 103 Anglican Church, 118–20, 122, 123, 137 Annals of the Old and New Testament (Ussher), 124 Antichrist, 19, 35, 36, 45, 46 apocalypse. See millennialism Apollonius, 26 Apologia (Jewel), 123 Apologiae pro Galileo (Campanella), 68, 69 Arabic language: ancient manuscripts in, 122, 125, 143, 166; and astronomical nomenclature, 106, 107, 108–9; and bānkāmāt, 19; Bible in, 62–63, 119, 125; calligraphy in, 151, 152; and Greaves, 104, 111, 114, 116, 117, 128, 135, 138; for last days, 19; and measurement, 113; printing of, 25, 26; sources in, 96, 105, 200n15; students of, 56, 74, 94, 129, 130, 146; translations from and to, 2, 5–6, 18, 22, 24–27, 34, 36, 47, 121, 144, 211n28; and universal language, 135 Aramaic language, 121, 187n58 Archimedes, 18, 19, 26, 27, 85 Aristotle, 22, 68, 89, 162, 176n54; and Delmedigo, 80, 85, 91, 92; and Karaites, 87, 88; and skepticism , 77 Arte de navegar (Borrus), 50 “An Article on a Comet” (Delmedigo), 79–80, 81 astrology: and al-Zigetvari, 154, 160, 211n28; and astronomy, 10–11, 159–60, 214n55; and clocks, 17, 18; and Delmedigo, 80; and Duret, 139, 142–43; on end of Ottoman Empire, 28–31; and Ibn- ‘Ezra, 88; and idrāk, 149, 150, 151; and Lār, 54; medical, 72–73, 142–43, 207n9, 208n13; and politics , 27–45; and skepticism, 98; of Taqī al-Dīn, 41. See also mysticism Astronomiae cometicae synopsis (Halley), 1, 160 astronomical tables: Alfonsine, 107, 140, 155; and al-Zigetvari, 1, 154, 157–60; and astrology, 10–11, 159–60, 214n55; Copernican, 139, 160; and Delmedigo, 88; and Duret, 141–42, 146, 160; Ilkhanic, 27; Lansbergen, 139–41, 207n8; Ptolemaic, 111, 129, 139; Richelian, 140, 141, 142, 208n13; Rudolphine, 140, 141, 142, 155, 207n8, 208n13; of Shāh Khaljī, 108; of Taqī al-Dīn, 18, 21, 38, 40, 41, 46, 108; and travel, 164; of Ulugh Beg, 40, 140, 154 Astronomica quaedam ex traditione Shah Cholgii Persae (Greaves), 104, 106–7, 109 astronomy: and astrology, 10–11, 159–60, 214n55; and chronologies, 127–28; and clocks, 16–17, 20; and conversion, 47, 50–52; and idrāk, 149–50, 151; Islamic, 8, 9, 35, 70, 82–84, 97, 106, 108, 135, 147, 154–55, 159, 160–62, 165, 213n48; and Jews, 21, 23, 77, 88, 90, 99, 100, 101; nomenclature of, i n d e x 238 Index astronomy (continued) 106–16, 117, 129, 137, 138, 200n8; and politics, 27–45, 137; primordial sources for, 105, 128, 130–31, 138 atomism, 87, 88, 193n32 Avenezra, Abraham. See Ibn-‘Ezra, Avraham Avicenna, 148, 188n67, 213n49 Bainbridge, John, 117, 119, 128, 129, 130, 203n70 bānkāmāt. See clocks al-Basrī, Yusuf, 87, 193n32 al-Battānī, Abū ‘Abdullāh (Albategnius), 9, 107, 194n47 Battle of Lepanto (painting; Veronese), 36 Bellori, Giovanni Pietro, 48, 73 Ben-Israel, Menasseh, 76, 96, 102–3 Ben-Jehudah, Jeshua, 87, 193n32 Ben-Joseph, Aaron, 87, 98, 198n94 Ben-Natan, Zerah, 82, 91, 100 Ben-Shushan, David (Dāwūd al-Riyād .ī), 21–24, 46, 101, 176n54 Biagioli, Mario, 70 Bible: ancient versions of, 55, 56–57, 58, 62–65, 68–69, 73, 121, 123–24, 163, 165, 187n59; in Arabic , 62–63, 119, 125; and Aristotelian physics, 186n54; chronology of, 123, 124–26; and Copernican precession, 112; and Copernican system, 49, 61, 63, 66–69, 73–75, 96; and Delmedigo, 192n20; on Elim, 90; and Ibn-‘Ezra, 88; and Karaites, 87, 96; King James, 123; Pentateuch, 57, 62–63, 74, 91, 101, 121, 124–25, 130, 202n55; Samaritan, 81, 124–25, 130, 202n55; Septuagint, 57, 74; and skepticism, 77; translations of, 62–63, 118, 187n58; and Ussher, 113, 125–26; Vulgate, 57, 62–63, 64, 66, 68, 73, 74, 96. See also Book of Job Binae tabulae geographicae une Nassir Eddini Persae, altera Vlug Beigi Tatari (Greaves), 109–10, 111 Birch, Thomas, 106, 135 Book of Archimedes on the Construction of Water-Clocks (Kit...

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