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Acknowledgments Over the past decade (and more), I have had a great deal of assistance in conceptualizing , researching, and writing this book. It began with a fellowship at Old Sturbridge Village in 1991, during which I first became interested in continuing the study of New England’s Natives into the nineteenth century and found more sources that helped me write my first book on the eighteenth century. The first day I walked into Jack Larkin’s office at OSV, he showed me a list of “people of color” in nineteenth-century Worcester County, and I recognized to my astonishment many family names from eighteenth-century Indian documents. Then there was the 1995 summer fellowship at the Massachusetts Historical Society, Center for the Study of New England History, during which I got to tell many stories about David, recently born, and enjoyed the weekly Thai lunches as well as the monthly seminars in early American history. One year later, the National Endowment of the Humanities awarded me a year-long research grant; this provided the time and funds that allowed me to gather notes and photocopies of a huge collection of documents from all three state archives and historical societies, to begin writing pieces, and in other ways taking a giant step toward completing the project. During my first year at Truman State University, I received a faculty research grant that allowed me to return to the region that summer and (finally) plumb the archives on Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard. I was able to stay with friends during part of the trip: the Shermans helped (once again!) with a bed one night, a bike for the entire trip (thanks, Scott!), and a place to park my car while I was on the Vineyard, and David and Jean Betz gave me a room and their good company for two weeks while I traveled to various archives in the Boston area. Mary Beth Norton treated me to a wonderful meal of black sea bass while I was on the Vineyard . In July 2002, a Joyce Tracy Fellowship at the American Antiquarian Society allowed me to go through newspapers, periodicals, town histories, and juvenile literature —and to enjoy a wonderful month in scholarly fellowship at the AAS house. I also benefited from a stay at Schloss Rawson-Wolfe, enjoying the friendship of David Rawson, Susan Wolfe, and their cats. The Social Science Division at Truman State University provided funds for the map and images in the book, in addition to travel to many of the conferences where I presented pieces of this work. Like other scholars, in researching this work I have depended on the knowledge and cheerful assistance of the staffs at many libraries, including Bruce Stark at the Connecticut State Archives; Barbara Austen at the Connecticut Historical Society; Keith Gorman at the Martha’s Vineyard Historical Society; Tina Furado at the New Bedford Public Library; Jane Ward at the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem; and Jerry Anderson of the New England Historical Genealogical Society, who not only helped me with their Society for Propagating the Gospel Records but also provided his transcript of Frederick Baylies’s 1823 census of Indians on Martha’s Vineyard. Bill Keegan of Historical Consultants , LLC, drew Map 2 (several times!). Kelly Drake at Mystic Seaport graciously provided a copy of the Seaport’s database of New London Crew Lists Index, 1803– 1878. Also supportive were the staffs at Nantucket Historical Society, the Rhode Island State Archives, the Rhode Island Historical Society, and at courthouses in Dukes County, Middlesex County, Nantucket County, and Worcester County. Research librarians at several institutions have provided invaluable assistance over many projects, and I am grateful for these long-term relationships: Peter Drummey and his staff at the Massachusetts Historical Society; Joanne Chaison, Thomas Knoles, and many others at the American Antiquarian Society—and a special thanks to Laura Wascowicz for pointing me to the children’s textbooks, which proved significant for chapter 5—and Michael Comeau and Martha Clark at the Massachusetts State Archives. Writing a book on nineteenth-century New England while living in Missouri presented considerable challenges, many of which were surmounted with the help of others. The outstanding interlibrary loan staff at Truman State University managed to meet nearly every one of my requests for many old, rare, or micro- filmed sources. Thank you. Mary Stubbs at the Kirksville Church of Latter-Day Saints helped me obtain microfilmed documents from the...

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