Notes
Notes Introduction 1. Press conferences, Calvin Coolidge Papers, Forbes Library, Northampton, Massachusetts. 2. George W. Bush, “Remarks to the Chamber of Commerce in Portland,” March 23, 2001, Portland, Maine, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. Available at www.gpo.gov/nara/nara003.html. 3. Jonathan Weisman and Bradley Graham, “Dubai Firm to Sell U.S. Port Operations ,” Washington Post, March 10, 2006, p. A1. 4. Michael McAuliff, “Chuck’s Port-Deal Terror, Urges Prez to Nix ‘Risky’ Sale to Arab Biz,” New York Daily News, February 14, 2006. 5. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “How a Business Deal Became a Big Liability for Republicans in Congress,” New York Times, February 26, 2006, p. 14. 6. Dan Bartlett, interview with the author, Washington, D.C., October 27, 2006. 7. “Interview with Reporters Aboard Air Force One” and “Remarks on Arrival from Golden, Colorado,” February 21, 2006. 8. Dan Bartlett, interview with the author, Washington, D.C., October 27, 2006. 9. Paul Blaustein, “Dubai Firm Cleared to Buy Military Supplies,” Washington Post, April 29, 2006, p. A6. 10. Michael Baruch Grossman and Martha Joynt Kumar, Portraying the President : The White House and the News Media (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981). 11. Richard E. Neustadt, Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership (New York: Wiley, 1960). 12. Richard Neustadt, “A Preachment from Retirement,” in Presidential Power: Forging the Presidency for the Twenty-First Century, ed. Robert Y. Shapiro, Lawrence Jacobs, and Martha Joynt Kumar (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 465–66. 13. While the number of studies of the White House written from the viewpoint of staff regarding the choices they make and the reasons behind them is small, there are studies from other perspectives that were important for my work. There is a growing literature about White House operations written by political scientists interested in the dynamics of staff operations. Particularly important for me was the groundwork established in Karen Hult and Charles Walcott’s Governing the White House: From Hoover through LBJ (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995) and Empowering the White House: Governance under Nixon, Ford, and Carter (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004), John Burke’s The Institutional Presidency, 2d ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), and Bradley Patterson’s The White House Staff: Inside the West Wing and Beyond (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Press, 2000). Presidential decision-making studies are important because they provide a view of how chief executives and their staffs operate. In contemporary presidency studies , Roger Porter, who served as senior economic and domestic policy adviser in the George H. W. Bush administration and worked in the Reagan and Ford White Houses as well, went from academic life into presidential advising on economic policy and then returned to Harvard University, where he teaches the presidency course there. His Presidential Decision Making: The Economic Policy Board (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982), based on his White House years in the Ford administration, adds to our knowledge with its view from inside the White House in an important area of presidential activity. So too does John Burke and Fred Greenstein ’s How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1991) tell us about presidential decision-making, in this case on Vietnam-related issues. 14. A separate literature focuses on the general relationship between the government and the media and on presidential leadership, which includes the chief executive ’s relationship with news organizations. In the area of government and the news media, a key work is Tim Cook’s Governing with the News: The News Media as a Political Institution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998). While we often think of the relationship between government and the press as hostile, he showed another side of the partnership by emphasizing the ways in which news organizations and government officials benefited from the relationship in spite of the tensions. In his Presidential Leadership of Public Opinion (Bloomington: Indiana University , 1965), Elmer Cornwell was one of the first political scientists to identify and write about the importance of presidential communications. He discussed how presidents used available resources to further their programs and how the chief unit at that time, the Press Office, was organized and operated. His work provided a good measure of how far White House communications organization had come since its nascent days in the Eisenhower administration. Among the important books on presidential leadership, those by George Edwards, including At the Margins: Presidential Leadership of Congress (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989) and...
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