Wired Wilderness: Technologies of Tracking and the Making of Modern Wildlife

Notes

Notes introduction: Knowing the Wild 1. Peter Matthiessen, Wildlife in America (New York: Viking, 1959); Gregg Mitman, Reel Nature: America’s Romance with Wildlife on Film (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999); Mark V. Barrow Jr., Nature’s Ghosts: Confronting Extinction from the Age of Jefferson to the Age of Ecology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009). 2. Gregg Mitman, “When Nature Is the Zoo: Vision and Power in the Art and Science of Natural History,” Osiris 11 (1996): 117–143; Thomas R. Dunlap, Saving America’s Wildlife: Ecology and the American Mind, 1850–1990 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), on 176; John MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation, and British Imperialism (New York: Manchester University Press, 1988), on 130. 3. William Cronon, “The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature,” Environmental History 1 (1996): 7–28. chapter one: Cold War Game 1. On radiotelemetry and the Cold War–era vision of nature of American wildlife biologists, see Gregg Mitman, “When Nature Is the Zoo: Vision and Power in the Art and Science of Natural History,” Osiris 11 (1996): 117–143. On Warner’s career, see Kevin Winker, “In Memoriam: Dwain W. Warner, 1917–2005,” Auk 123 (2006): 911– 912; “Curriculum Vita Data,” 1975, Dwain W. Warner Biographical File, University of Minnesota Archives. On Allen, see Gregg Mitman, Reel Nature: America’s Romance with Wildlife on Film (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 122; Mark V. Barrow Jr., A Passion for Birds: American Ornithology after Audubon (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998), 189. 2. Warner Interview. 3. Dwain W. Warner to Arthur N. Wilcox, 20 Mar. 1958, Warner Papers. 4. A. N. Wilcox to Guy Stanton Ford, 9 Apr. 1940, in A. C. Hodson, History of the Cedar Creek Natural History Area, University of Minnesota Field Biology Program, Occasional Papers no. 2 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1985), 96–97; Theodore Blegen, “The Cedar Creek Forest Laboratory: An Address Delivered on September 14, 1957, at Cedar Creek Forest,” in Hodson, History of Cedar Creek, 110–113, on 111. On Wilcox’s long involvement with Cedar Creek, see Hodson, History of Cedar Creek, 26, 43. 200 Notes to Pages 7–11 5. On Tester’s involvement, see H. G. Payne to John R. Tester, 29 May 1958, Warner Papers. On the Cedar Creek NSF grant, see A. N. Wilcox to Homer T. Mantis, Merle P. Meyer, E. F. Cook, J. R. Beer, D. B. Lawrence, J. D. Ovington, H. E. Wright Jr., and Dwain Warner, 14 Oct. 1958, Warner Papers. 6. Parker S. Trefethen, Sonic Equipment for Tracking Individual Fish, Special Scientific Report, Fisheries 179 (Washington, DC: FWS, 1956): 1–11. 7. William H. Marshall, “Radiotracking of Porcupines and Ruffed Grouse,” in Lloyd E. Slater, ed., Bio-Telemetry: The Use of Telemetry in Animal Behavior and Physiology in Relation to Ecological Problems (New York: Pergamon, 1963), 173–178, on 173; “Curriculum Vitae,” n.d. [1978?], William H. Marshall Biographical File, University of Minnesota Archives, Elmer L. Andersen Library, Minneapolis, MN. Aldo Leopold’s encouragement of ruffed grouse research in Minnesota is described in David L. Hansen, A Century of Research in Natural Resources (St. Paul: University of Minnesota, Minnesota Agricultural Research Station, College of Natural Resources, 2003). See also Thomas R. Dunlap, Saving America’s Wildlife: Ecology and the American Mind, 1850–1990 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991), 71–74. 8. R. W. Burwell to William H. Marshall, 27 Oct. 1958, Burwell to James W. Kimball , 23 Sept. 1958, Box 5, Marshall Papers. 9. Daniel L. Leedy to Regional Director, Minneapolis [R. W. Burwell], 30 Dec. 1958, Box 1, FWS Wildlife Research Files; Clarence Cottam to William H. Marshall, 11 Nov. 1958, C. R. Gutermuth to Marshall, 31 Mar. 1959, Box 5, Marshall Papers; Marshall to Laurence R. Lunden, 12 Jan. 1959, and attached proposal, “Development and Use of Short Wave Radio Transmitters to Trace Animal Movements,” Box 5, Marshall Papers. 10. George Sprugel to Dwain W. Warner and John R. Tester, 26 Jan. 1959, Warner Papers; Sprugel to William H. Marshall, 27 Jan. 1959, Box 5, Marshall Papers. On Sprugel ’s Environmental Biology Program, see Toby A. Appel, Shaping Biology: The National Science Foundation and American Biological Research, 1945–1975 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 22. Marshall to Sprugel, 2 Feb. 1959, Box 5, Marshall Papers. The statement about Warner’s persuasiveness is William Cochran’s; Cochran and Swenson Interview. Warner’s recollection is from Warner Interview. 11. On Eklund’s radio-thermometer research...