Force and Motion: An Illustrated Guide to Newton's Laws

Subject Index

Subject Index accelerating reference frame, 257–61, 296, 332 acceleration: component parallel to velocity (a), 95–97, 104, 112, 120, 133; component perpendicular to velocity (a⊥), 95–97, 127– 33, 251, 322, 328, 339–45; computing from velocity, 104–8, 152–53; concept map for, 133; constant, 159–75; coordinate components of (ax and ay), 108–20, 133; Huygens’s Formula for, 127–33, 339–45; meaning of, 87, 133, 234; negative, 159; in one-dimensional problems, 141–42; as rate of change of velocity, 99, 103–9, 111–20, 128, 133, 142, 152–53, 156, 158–59, 254; sketching vector for, 90–92; slowing-down part, 95–97, 104, 112, 120, 133; speedingup part, 95–97, 104, 112, 120, 133; while standing still, 98–99, 153; as “turn signal,” 92, 96; turning part, 95–97, 127–33, 251, 322, 328, 339–45 acceleration-time graphs, 148–50; from forcetime graphs, 269; observations about, 154; from velocity-time graphs, 152–53 action at a distance, 202–4 action-reaction, 283–87 air resistance, 293, 311, 312–33 Aristotle, 201 atoms, 277–78 bathroom scale, 300 brains, 277 breaking point, 306–7 Cauchy, Augustin, 23 cheekbones, 259–60 circular motion, 127–29, 339–41 climate change, 3 coasting, 97, 147 collision problems, 175–79 combining forces, 44, 215–26, 300, 323–24 components, 53–58, 64–66, 110–11 constant-acceleration problems: acting out, 165–66; formulas for, 167, 187, 189, 270; sketching solution, 160–5 coordinate systems: importance of, 51, 148–49, 270; origin in, 33–34; tilted, 52 curvature: identifying visually, 88–90; radius of, 129–30, 341–44 dancer, 166 deceleration, 87 Depp, Johnny, 260 Descartes, René, 23 determinism, 160, 276–78. See also mechanistic universe direction, 62–63 425 426 Subject Index dolphin, 314 drag force, 293, 311, 312–13 dualism, 278 dynamics: illustration by graphs, 268–69; in Principia, 267; two problems of, 267–76 energy, 50, 193–94, 314 equations of motion, 167, 187, 189, 270 field theory, 247 First Law, 239 force: combining several forces, 44, 215–26, 300, 323–24; connection with velocity, 239, 241–43; and contact, 202–4; deducing from motion, 267–73; diagrams (see force diagrams); effect on motion, 233–34; graphing versus time, 256; as influence, 195–96, 231, 238; as interaction, 203, 273, 283, 287, 298, 317; net, 215, 234; not havable, 196; point of application of, 225– 26; as push or pull, 197; source and target of, 196; turning off and on, 202, 237, 298; units of, 249; as vector, 210; and will, 201. See also kinds of force force diagrams: drawing, 204–10, 310–11, 320–24; for instant of time, 202, 208 force-time graphs: from acceleration-time graphs, 256, 268; for bullet striking tree, 274; from position-time graphs, 256, 268 form drag, 312–13 free will, 277–78 friction. See under kinds of force Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, 23 Galileo, 200–201 general relativity, 204 graphing relationships, 4–5 gravitation, 203–4, 207, 267, 292–96 Horologium Oscillatorium, 127 Huygens, Christian, 127, 129 Huygens’s formula: for a⊥, 127; derivation of, 339–45; units in, 128 inertia, 210; distinguished from influence, 238; law of, 239 influence, 195–96, 231, 238 Kepler, Johannes, 267 kinds of force: drag, 293, 311, 312–13; electrostatic , 204, 291, 293, 311; form drag, 312– 13; friction, 293, 300–301; friction, kinetic, 301–3; friction, static, 301, 302–7, 324; gravitational, 203–4, 207, 267, 292–96; lift, 293, 311; magnetic, 204, 291, 293, 311; normal, 298–99, 311; pressure drag, 312; restoring, 281–82, 293, 308–9; spring, 281–82, 293, 308–9; tension, 293, 307– 8, 311; thrust, 293, 311; viscous drag, 312 kinetic friction, 301–3 Laplace, Pierre Simon de, 277–78 Law of Inertia, 239 Leibniz, Gottfried, 23 Lindy Hop, 166 line graphs, 3 magnitude, 62–63 mass: meaning of, 247; in Second Law, 248; units of, 247 mechanistic universe, 317. See also determinism momentum, 44, 194, 287 motion: with constant acceleration, 159– 75; curvilinear, 38; distinguished from sliding, 304; without force, 208–10, 237– 38; getting moving versus staying moving, 237; in Greek thought, 1; meaning of, 36; predicting, 267, 269, 273–78; rotational, 226, 320–30; straight-line, 38, 139–79; translational, 226; uniform circular, 127–29, 339–41 net change: of position, 155–56; from rate of change graph, 22–27, 30; of velocity, 156–58 net force, 215, 234 Newton, Isaac, 203–4, 231, 238, 247, 259, 267...