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NOTE ON SOURCES All references to Franklin’s Autobiography are to the Leonard Labaree edition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964). Unless otherwise noted, all other citations from Franklin’s writings are to The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, edited by Leonard W. Labaree et al. The digital edition, sponsored by the American Philosophical Society and Yale University and produced by the Packard Humanities Institute, is available online at www .franklinpapers.org. It is searchable by name, date, word, and phrase. Although the online edition reaches to the end of Franklin ’s life, it is not yet complete for the final years. The print edition , with thirty-seven volumes to date (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959–), contains material from the almanacs and useful notes and relevant documents not available online. The editors of the Papers have been very conservative in attributing to Franklin early unsigned essays from the Pennsylvania Gazette. I have followed J. A. Leo Lemay in accepting as authentic some essays that the Papers do not include. These are published in Lemay’s collection, Franklin, Writings (New York: Library of America, 1987), and his attributions are defended in Lemay, The Canon of Benjamin Franklin, 1722–1776: New Attributions and Reconsiderations (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1986). ix This page intentionally left blank ...

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