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Adcult USA (Twitchell), 79 advertising: “common language” of, 7–8; early twentieth century, 18–22, 25–26; gender, technology , and, 75–88; as mirror, 88; power of, 79 African-American body, 54–55, 66 agency: as contested term, 112–13; feminist, 137–38; Kingsolver and, 127, 132; Mason and, 118, 122, 132 Allison, Dorothy, 169; Bastard Out of Carolina, 170–75 Alvarez, Julia, How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, 179–80 American Automobile Association, 14, 44, 103 anthropomorphization of automobile, 12, 47, 75–76 anxiety about advent of car, 39–40 Anywhere but Here (Simpson), 161–64 Anzaldúa, Gloria, Borderlands/La Frontera, 182–83, 188, 189 Armstrong, Tim, Modernism, Technology, and the Body, 46, 49 Arnaz, Desi, 140 Asian-American citizenship, 181 assembly line, 41, 47, 48, 49–50 attire of women, 15–16, 194 Aunt Jemima pancake flour, 50, 51f The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (Stein), 59, 60f, 61–62 auto camping, 142 auto industry: automobile production and, 41; influence of, 89; mass production and, 12; struggle of, 192–93; as targeting women, 115 automobile: access to, and change, 10, 14; anthropomorphization of, 12, 47, 75–76; dependence on, 165–66; disengagement from workings of, 193–94; domesticity and, 116, 118, 119; effect of, on individual, 5–6; gender and, 119, 126; history of, 7; knowledge of, 1–2; as literary motif, 12; as material object and symbolic icon, 167; as metaphor of promise, 141; naming of, 131, 176, 188; personification of, 12, 23; role of, 1, 192, 194; as woman, 59–62, 63; as women’s space, 142, 164 Automobile Girls books (Crane), 27 automobility: African-American writers and, 66– 72; culture of, 132; ethnicity and, 186; girls’ books and, 26–30; individuality and, 3–4; life on farm exchanged for, 160; preferences for, 10; romance of, 143–44; Wharton and liabilities of, 30–40; women and, 4, 9, 13–26. See also mobility automotive maternity: aspects of, 77–78; Erdrich and, 103; family and, 88; Morrison and, 98 autonomy, 12–13, 118 auto racing, 43–45, 71, 200n2 auto safety, 76–77, 83, 89–90 Babbitt (S. Lewis): class and, 29; sexual imagery and, 37; standardization and, 50; technology and, 12 The Bad Girl’s Guide to the Open Road (Tuttle), 114 Bailey, Beth, 2 Bailey, R. C., “New Psalm,” 52 Baker, Moira P., 173 Baker Electric: ads of, 39, 81; garden and, 19, 20f Ball, Lucille, 140, 143 i n d e x Page numbers followed by f indicate illustrations. Balsamo, Anne, Technologies of the Gendered Body, 106, 108, 109 Banks, Russell, Continental Drift, 152–53, 185–86 Banta, Martha, 49 Barthes, Roland, 166 Bastard Out of Carolina (Allison), 170–75 Baudrillard, Jean, 166 Bayley, Stephen, 1 The Bean Trees (Kingsolver), 116, 117, 126–33 Behling, Laura L., 16, 29 Belasco, Warren, 142 Bel Geddes, Norman, 37 Beloved (Morrison), 96 Bennett, Harry, 200n6 Berger, Michael, 23, 33, 42 Berlant, Lauren, 172–73, 174 Bewitched (sitcom), 74 Bhabha, Homi, 176 bicycle, 6, 16, 23 Bicycles, Bangs, and Bloomers (Marks), 16 The Bingo Palace (Erdrich): Indian women and, 102; mother, car, and, 74; plot of, 106–7, 108 Blackmer, Corrine, 62 Bodies and Machines (Seltzer), 45 body: African-American, 54–55, 66; automotive energy and, 187; car as extension of, 161; control over, 23; fuel and, 50, 51f, 186–87, 188–89; homeless , 146–58; identity and, 58–59; machine and, 46–48; masculinity and, 45, 46; as means of challenging state, 171; medical concern for, 36; migrant, 186–87; standardization and, 49; technology and, 42, 46; transgendered, 155–58; Viramontes and, 183–84; white male, 42. See also cyborg; sexuality body, female: automobile and, 31, 37, 65; automotive citizenship and, 172; automotive power and, 71–72; Chicana, 183; maternal, 76–77; motorcycle as extension of, 157; slippage between auto and, 81; vulnerability of, 129–30, 136–37. See also danger Boorstin, Daniel J., 165 borderlands, 182–91 Borderlands/La Frontera (Anzaldúa), 182–83, 188, 189 Bordo, Susan, Unbearable Weight, 76 boxing, 42–43 Boyle, Kay, 58–59; Process, 65–66 Boyleston, Helen Dore, 62–63, 64 Bradsher, Keith, 78 Brady, Mary Pat, 186, 188 Braidotti, Rosi, Nomadic Subjects, 147, 157 Burns, Tommy, 42, 43 Cadillac: ad for, 79–80; Escalade, 103; identity and, 178–79; welfare and, 97 Cane (Toomer), 67 Cannery Row (Steinbeck), 1 car. See automobile Car (Crews), 107–8, 132 Caramelo (Cisneros), 183 The Car Belongs to Mother (Wright), 18 Carlson, Satch, 116 Car Pool (Kallmaker...

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