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a’Amar, Ousama, 23 AbioCor, 54 Abiomed, 54 Abramowitch, Steven D., 112 Acton, Scott T., 52, 53 adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 218 Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 92 Advanced Tissue Sciences (ATS), 184–185 Aebischer, Patrick, 169, 170 Ahsan, Taby, 205 Aircraft-Marine Products, Inc., 13–15 Aldini, Jean, 65 Allaire, Paul, 54 Allen, Timothy, 215 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 167 Alzheimer’s disease, 129–130 Ampersand, 66 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease), 63, 88 anemia, 214 Anger, Hal, 132 angioplasty, 46 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), 110 Archer, David, 187 Armstrong, Bob, 125, 126, 134, 135 ARPE-19, 170 arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), 2–3 arterial disease, 50–53 arterial stents, 46 artificial pancreas, 151 AstraZeneca, 128 Atala, Anthony, 183 ATL 146e, 41 AZD2171, 128 bacteria, 213 Badawi, Ramsey D., 128–130 Bakken, Earl, 5, 16, 46, 98, 152–156, 158 Barnard, Christiaan, 46 Baumgartner, William A., 100 Beasley, Leslie, 108 Belk, Paul, 159, 167 Bellamkonda, Ravi, 201, 203 Benabid, Alim-Louis, 79–80 Bergin, James D. (Jim), 31–32, 54 Bergman, Rebecca, 165–167 Berns, Michael, 26 Bhatia, Sangeeta, 218, 220 Bigio, Irving J., 7, 9, 23, 24 bioartificial kidney, 195–196 bioartificial liver, 196–197, 218–219 bioartificial pancreas, 193–195 biodegradable polymers, 95 Biogen Idec, 139 biomedical engineering: benefits and achievements of, 1–4, 206; as business, 151–153; definition of, 25; future of, 6, 206–221; historical background of, 10–17; new generation in, 18–30; overview of, 4–5 biomedical engineering education: background of, 16; Boston University program in, 7–11 biomedical optics and photonics, 142–144 bladder lesions, 143 Blalock, Alfred, 90 blindness, 64 blood oxygenator, 98 bone, tissue-engineered, 198–200 Boone, John M., 140, 141, gallery 10 Bornheimer, Scott J., 221 Boston University, 7–8, 11, 15, 18, 19, 25, 27–29 Boyan, Barbara, 198–199 Index  224 INDEX brain imaging techniques, 129, gallery 8, gallery 9 brain pacing, 62–63 brain research, movement of robotic or electrically stimulated arm and, 85–89 brain tissue engineering, 203 breast, CT scan for imaging, gallery 10 breast cancer: estrogen and, 137–138; genetic screening and, 209; imaging techniques and, 121–125 breast CT scanner, 140–141 Brody, William R., 25 Brookeman, James, 135 Brown University, 16, 201 cancer: breast, 121–125, 137–138; cervical, 143–144; imaging techniques and, 121–125; lasers to identify, 142–143; lung, 144–145; microbubbles and, 142; molecular imaging and, 127–128; using light to detect, 23–24, gallery 10 Caputo, Gary, 130 cardiac pacemakers, 46, 91, 92, 95, 155–157, gallery 3 cardiac remodeling, 34, 38, 39–42 cardiovascular disease: obesity and, 36–38; research in, 38–45 Cardioverter (Medtronic), 9 Carnegie Mellon University, 114 Carpenter, Howard, 122 Carticel, 182, 200 Case Western Reserve University, 57–60, 63, 65–68, gallery 5 Catana, Ciprian, 136–137 Caughman, Jennifer, 150, 151, 162–164 Caughman, Rick, 150, 151, 163 Caughman, Tim, 150, 151, 162–165 Center for Computer Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology (CISST) (Johns Hopkins University), 95, 100 cerebral palsy, 117 cervical cancer, 143–144 Chaikof, Elliot L., 191–192 Cham, Rakié, 112–114 Chardack, William M., 16 Charnley, John, 109 Cherry, Simon, 122, 136, 138 Chien, Shu, 12, 208 ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), 148, 171–173, 175 Citron, Paul, 156, 158 Clark, Barney, 46, 54 Clark, James, Jr., 91–94 Cleveland Clinic, 11, 15, 46, 62–63, 78 Cleveland FES Center, 70–71, 75 cochlear implants, 64 Cochran, Laura, 178–180, gallery 2 Codey, Richard J., 204 Cohn, W. H., 13 Coker, Annette, 71–74, gallery 6 collagen, 111–112 Collins, Arthur D., Jr., 156 Collins, Jim, 19, 27 combinatorial chemistry, 139 computer technology, 16 convergence technology, 165–166 Cormack, Allan, 133 coronary artery bypass surgery, 46 Coulter, Wallace, 16 Coulter Counter, 16 Creasey, Graham, 75 Crohn’s disease, 52 CT (computerized tomography) scan: advances in, 136; for breast imaging, 140–141, gallery 10; drawbacks of, 135; historical background of, 132–134; during surgery, 100, 101; use of, 122–123, 125, 134, gallery 8, gallery 9 cyclotron, 138–139 CytoTherapeutics, 169–173 Damadian, Raymond, 133–134 da Vinci robotic surgery system, gallery 12, gallery 13; explanation of, 92–96, 103; surgical simulators with, 103; uses for, 92 Dean, Brenda, 174 DeBakey, Michael E., 46, 48 deep brain stimulation (DBS): epilepsy and, 84–85; for Parkinson’s disease, 62–63, 78–84; for psychiatric conditions, 84 defibrillators: advances in, 95, 158–161; function of, 3–4, gallery 5; research on, 20–21 degradable scaffold, 120 DeGroot, Paul...

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