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Index abortion, U.S. Supreme Court and, 68, 69, 72 American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), 43 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 43, 65, 74 American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities, 71 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), 43, 65 American Medical Association (AMA), Committee on Maternal and Child Care, 43 anencephaly, 110, 111 Annas, George, 5 antenatal steroids, 62–64 Association for Retarded Citizens, 71 Association for the Severely Handicapped, 71 Baby Doe controversy: Child Abuse and Treatment Act and, 73–74; effects of, 74–83; legal facts of, 67–68; medical facts of, 66–67; social and political ramifications of, 68–72; U.S. Supreme Court and, 72–73 Bartlett, R. H., 57, 58 Becker, E. R., 141 birthweight: life-sustaining treatment and, 90, 92; outcome and, 98–99, 143–146; predictive power of, 85–90, 92, 109; programs to prevent low, 140–142; rationing based on, 126–127. See also extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants; very low birthweight (VLBW) infants Bradley, Bill, 140 The Brothers Karamazov (Dostoevsky), 115–117 Burks, Shemika A., 107 Burks v. St. Joseph Hospital, 107 Butterfield, L. Joseph, 43 California, regionalization in, 46 Campbell, Arthur, 47–49 Castle, Michael N., 140 cerebral palsy (CP), 143–146 Chain, Ernst, 19 Child Abuse and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 1984: amendments to, 73–76; withholding treatment and, 107 child abuse/neglect, 50–51, 82–83 children: born ELBW, 144; inpatient stays for, 130, 131 Chiles, Lawton, 140 Chu, J., 54 clinical intuition, 95–96, 99 clinical practice, 22, 28 clinical research: acquisition of knowledge in, 28–29; line between clinical practice and, 22, 28; trials in, 25–27 Coghill, Robert, 19 cognitive deficits: long-term outcome and, 96, 97; quality of life and, 79–80 Committee on Maternal and Child Care (American Medical Association), 43 Committee on Perinatal Health Report (1976), 43 communication, neonatal decision making and, 104–106, 113, 119 congenital abnormalities: explanation of, 14; treatment of infants with, 15 continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): long-term follow-up of, 32–33; research on, 31–32 Costellano, Carol, 4 Crowley, P., 63 decision making: “broad shoulders” approach to, 114–115; consensus about process and, 119–121; nature of medical, 113–115; objective information approach to, 113–114; prenatal, 101–105, 108; shared deniability approach to, 115–119. See also neonatal decision making Delivoria-Papadopoulos, M., 24, 25, 59 Disabilities Rights Education and Defense Fund, 71 do not resuscitate orders, 108 Down syndrome: Baby Doe and, 66–67; obligatory treatment for, 110, 111; parental treatment decisions and, 49 Dudrick, S. J., 33, 34 Duff, Raymond, 47, 48 economic issues: ethics and, 125–126, 129, 135; NICU cost-effectiveness and, 125–129; NICUs and hospital finance and, 129–131; NICUs as profit centers and, 6, 130; overall costs of NICU care and, 123–125; overview of, 122–123; perinatal regionalization and, 44, 132–135 Elbourne, D., 59–60 Elder, Albert, 19 eligibility criteria: decisions regarding, 25–27; explanation of, 30 Ellis, T. S., 50, 51 epidermolysis bullosa, 80–81 ethics: analysis of, 36–40; economics and, 125–126, 129, 135; guidelines for, 40–41; historical background of, 9–10; present consensus and, 136–138; science vs., 150–151; toward progress in, 151–154. See also moral views euthanasia, passive vs. active, 39 exogenous surfactant therapy, 55 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): development of, 57–58; evaluation process for, 54, 59; use of, 58–60 extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants: clinical intuition study and, 95–96, 99; followup program for, 83; long-term outcomes of, 144; outcome and, 98, 99; quality of life issues and, 78. See also very low birthweight (VLBW) infants financial issues. See economic issues Fleming, Alexander, 18, 19 Fletcher, Joseph, 39, 40, 49 Florey, Howard, 19 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 56, 57 “For Every Dollar Spent—The Cost Savings Argument for Prenatal Care” (Huntington and Connell), 141 Fost, N., 49 Frey, Darcy, 5 Fujiwara, T., 55, 56 full-term infants, 14–15 group B streptococcal (GBS): in infants, 64–65; screening of pregnant women for, 62, 64–65 Gustafson, James, 49 Gustaitis, R., 130 Heatley, Norman, 19 Hentoff, Nat, 71 Hess, Julius, 23 high-frequency oscillating ventilation (HFOV), 54 Hippocrates, 76 Horbar, J. D., 55, 59 Hospital Corporation of America, 100 hospitals: economics of NICUs and, 129–131; regional neonatal program development and, 44–47; trends in NICU, 132 Howie R. N., 63 Hyde, Henry J., 140 hypothesis testing, 29 idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), continuous positive airway pressure to...

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