Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759–1789

Notes

Abbreviations and Acronyms AAEPar Quai d’Orsay (Paris) AE AVaires étrangères AEA Anuario de Estudios Americanos AESC Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations AGI Archivo General de Indias (Sevilla) AGN Archivo General de la Nación (Mexico City) AGSim Archivo General (Simancas) AHDE Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español AHH Archivo Histórico de Hacienda AHN Archivo Histórico Nacional (Madrid) AHR American Historical Review ANPar Archives Nationales (Paris) BAE Biblioteca de Autores Españoles BLAR Bulletin of Latin American Research BMus British Museum (London) BNMad Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid) BNMex Biblioteca Nacional (Mexico City) BNPar Bibliothèque Nationale (Paris) BRAHM Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid) BRPal Biblioteca del Real Palacio (Madrid) CC Correspondance Consulaire CH Cuadernos hispanoamericanos. Los complementarios/2 CP Correspondance Politique DGR Dirección General de Rentas EHR Economic History Review EMDL Espíritu de los Mejores Diarios Literarios HAHR Hispanic American Historical Review HMex Historia Mexicana HPE Hacienda Pública Española HSA Hispanic Society of America (New York) Notes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • JEH Journal of Economic History JIS Journal of Inter-American Studies JLAS Journal of Latin American Studies M et D Mémoires et Documents MN Museo Naval (Madrid) NYPub New York Public Library PP Past and Present REP Revista de Estudios Políticos RH Revue Historique RHA Revista de Historia de América RHCF Revue de l’Histoire des Colonies Françaises RHisp Revue Hispanique RHMC Revue de l’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine SEV Semanario Erudito de Valladares Preface epigraph: Bernal, Financiación, 294. 1. From Naples to Madrid epigraphs: Garofalo, Monarchía borbónica a Napoli, 17–18; María Amalia to Bernardo Tanucci, quoted in Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 2:38–39. 1. Villani, Feudalitá, riforme, capitalismo agrario, 61. Around 1730, out of 369,019 “hearths” only 71,961 “obbediva direttamente al rei.” Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:192. The population of the kingdom of Naples reached 3.9 million by 1765. 2. Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 1:82 n. 1, 132–34; Buttà, Borboni de Napoli, 1:23. 3. Chorley, Oil, Silk and Enlightenment, 140V., 150–51, 177–78; Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:126–27, 170–71, 186. 4. Chorley, Oil, Silk and Enlightenment, 90. 5. Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 1:274–75, 288. 6. Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:195–96. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., 1:292V. 9. Acton, Bourbons of Naples, 32. 10. Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 1:58V.; Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 1:96, 139; Ajello et al., Bernardo Tanucci. 11. Rousseau, Règne de Charles III, 1:16–17; Ferrer del Rio, Historia del reinado de Carlos III, 1:244–45; Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:15–16; Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 3:299–300; AHN, Estado 2872, no. 23. 12. Ensenada had been accused of secretly urging Charles to oppose the Treaty of Madrid (1750) that partitioned disputed areas in the Rio de la Plata basin between Spain and Portugal. Spanish Jesuits violently opposed transferring certain Jesuit missions from Spanish to Portuguese sovereignty. 13. Chorley, Oil, Silk and Enlightenment, 24–25. 14. Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:93–97, 102, 105. 15. Chorley, Oil, Silk and Enlightenment, 85, 90–98. 358 • Notes to Pages 3–7 16. Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 1:274–75, 288. 17. Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 1:195–200; 2:114. 18. Ibid., 2:114. 19. Villani, Feudalitá, riforme, capitalismo agrario, 69. Charles’s ministers have been accused of operating “senza un disegno prestabilito, senza metodo, tumultuariamente .” Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:101. 20. The upwardly mobile included “il mezzano di estrazione di monete, il mediatore o commissionario di esportazione, di derrate; il cambista . . . di lettere de cambio ” and the “capitalista che traYcava sulla publica Wnanza.” Schipa, Regno di Napoli, 2:193. 21. Ferrer del Rio, Historia del reinado de Carlos III, 1:207; Buttà, Borboni de Napoli, 1:35. 22. Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 1:372. 23. Charles’s government had to cancel even a mild attempt to curb the jurisdictional privileges of the baronaggio, not to mention those of the Supremo Magistrato del Commerzio, Villani points out (Feudalitá, riforme, capitalismo agrario, “La questione feudale,” 58). Charles himself was “debole, bigotto, incapace di grande idee e di altretanto grandi realizzazioni,” Garofalo says (Monarchía borbónica a Napoli, 17–18). 24. Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, 1:336. 25. Mateo Dorado, “Actividad de Carlos III,” 1:299–321...