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ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As I pen the last words of a project that has been on my mind for the better part of two decades, I take great joy in acknowledging the many people and institutions that have enabled me to reach this point. This book had its formal origins as a doctoral dissertation in the Program in History of Science at Princeton University. My advisor, Michael Mahoney, has been a strong supporter of this project and a wise counselor at every step along the way. His comments on various drafts greatly improved both the dissertation and this book. His own work has set the highest standard for me, in both the quality of its scholarship and the grace and clarity of its writing. I have learned much about the study of history through him. I thank Norton Wise for serving on my dissertation committee and for his counsel throughout my graduate career at Princeton. Bill Leslie of Johns Hopkins University, who served as the outside reader of the dissertation, gave me comments on later revisions and much-needed advice thereafter. The members of the program seminar in history of science at Princeton provided a challenging yet congenial atmosphere to try out new work. I would like to thank my compatriots from graduate school, Ann Johnson, Leo Slater, and David Brock, for their contributions to this work, both during graduate school and thereafter. This book has also benefitted from the wider history and history of technology communities. Several sections were first presented at meetings of the Society for the History of Technology, where I received encouragement and helpful comments. Other material was presented at seminars at Rutgers University and the Chemical Heritage Foundation. William Aspray, Craig Casey, Steven Usselman, Ron Kline, Paul Ceruzzi, Alex Roland, and Henry Lowood have provided valuable comments on sections of this work. I thank David Hounshell for x Acknowledgments a number of helpful discussions on this project. I would also like to acknowledge my fellow historians of semiconductor technology, Lillian Hoddeson, Michael Riordan, Robert Arns, Daniel Holbrook, and Christophe Lécuyer, for help and encouragement. My colleagues at North Carolina State University, Holly Brewer, Jonathan Ocko, and David Zonderman, gave me useful comments on an early version of the introduction. John David Smith has taken a strong interest in this project and given me his sage counsel on editorial matters. William Kimler gave me the benefit of his biological expertise in straightening me out on a biological analogy. My department heads at North Carolina State, Edith Sylla and Tony Lavopa, have provided invaluable support for my work. I would also like to thank the various archives and libraries that granted me access to their materials, and the numerous archivists and librarians who made it possible for me to use those materials. Sheldon Hochheiser of the AT&T Archives helped me navigate its massive collections. Jodelle French and Rachel Stewart of the Intel Museum gave me access to the Intel Museum’s collection of oral histories and other materials. Marge McNinch and other librarians at the Hagley Museum and Library made my trips there very productive and enjoyable . The late Phyllis Smith, first of RCA and then the Sarnoff Corporation, deserves special mention for her efforts to preserve RCA’s history. She enthusiastically gave me access to Sarnoff’s library and its collection of laboratory notebooks. The management of the Sarnoff Corporation graciously permitted me to use its material. Alex Magoun of the David Sarnoff Library has provided me with both insight into the history of RCA and additional materials. Emerson Pugh and the other members of IBM’s Technical History Project have performed a great service by preserving documents relating to IBM’s history. I thank Emerson Pugh for generously serving as my liaison to the IBM Archives, and I thank Robert Godfrey for granting me access to the Technical History Project collection as well as other materials in the IBM Archives. Dawn Stanford of the IBM Archives and Tom Way and Jeff Couture of IBM Microelectronics helped me obtain photos of IBM’s semiconductor technologies. Henry Lowood of Stanford University introduced me to Stanford’s rich collections, and Maggie Kimball and the other members of the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at the Stanford University Libraries helped me to use them. I would also like to acknowledge Nance Briscoe at the National Museum of American History for her work gathering materials on semiconductor history [18.217.116.183] Project MUSE (2024-04-26...

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