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197 Notes Introduction 1. James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as aYoung Man (New York: Viking Press, 1964), 253. 2. Review of James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as aYoung Man, Catholic World, June 1917, 395–97. 3. The quotation is from Woolf’s 1924 essay “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown.” For context, see Peter Stansky, On or About December 1910: Early Bloomsbury and Its IntimateWorld (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996). 4. John McGreevy, Catholicism and American Freedom:A History (New York: Norton , 2003); Peter D’Agostino, Rome in America:Transnational Catholic Ideology from Risorgimento to Fascism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004). 5. Jay P. Dolan, The American Catholic Experience:A History from ColonialTimes to the Present (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1985), 156. According to James Hennesey, 85 percent of U.S. Catholics in 1920 were estimated to be descendants of people who had immigrated since 1820 (American Catholics:A History of the Roman Catholic Community in the United States [New York: Oxford University Press, 1981], 220). See Jay Dolan’s more recent summary of this period in In Search of anAmerican Catholicism : A History of Religion and Culture in Tension (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 71–126. 6. Charles R. Morris, American Catholic:The Saints and SinnersWho Built America’s Most Powerful Church (New York: Random House, 1997), 113. The number of Catholics in the United States quadrupled between 1860 and 1900. The growth had started more than a century earlier—there was a 900 percent increase in the U.S. Catholic population between 1830 and 1860 (Dolan, The American Catholic Experience , 356); Sydney Ahlstrom notes an increase in the U.S. Catholic population from 7 million in 1880 to 12.5 million in 1895 (A Religious History of the American People [New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1972], 827). 7. David J. O’Brien, Public Catholicism, 2nd ed. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1996); Philip Gleason, Keeping the Faith:American Catholicism Past and Present (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987); and Gleason, Contending with Modernity: Catholic Higher Education in the Twentieth Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995). 8. Una M. Cadegan, “‘Running the Ancient Ark by Steam’: Catholic Publishing ,” in Print in Motion:The Expansion of Publishing and Reading in the United States, 1880–1940, ed. Carl F. Kaestle and Janice A. Radway, vol. 4 of A History of the Book in America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 392–408. 198 NOTES TO PAGES 6–12 9. Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays (New York: Basic Books, 1973), 250, 5; Murray G. Murphey, Philosophical Foundations of Historical Knowledge (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 269–72. 10. Henry H. Glassie, Material Culture (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), 25. 11. Jane P. Tompkins, Sensational Designs:The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790–1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 200. 12. “Editorial Announcement,” America, April 17, 1909, 5–6. 13. Leon Hutton, “Catholicity and Civility: John Francis Noll and the Origins of Our SundayVisitor,” U.S. Catholic Historian 15 (Summer 1997): 11. 14. “The traditional anti-Catholic philosophy of history is evidenced,” a 1923 account of the Catholic Encyclopedia’s beginnings asserted, quoting a 1902 Messenger review of “Appleton’s University Cyclopædia and Atlas,” “in the dogmatic pronouncement by a well-known university professor, in the article on ‘Teutons,’ that in the Middle Ages ‘it was the emperor against the Pope’: in the transition period ‘it was German Protestantism against Roman Catholicism: and to-day it is Teutonic science against the Syllabus and the Vatican. The Teutonic spirit has given to modern civilization its freedom of thought and conscience.’” Paul H. Linehan, “The Catholic Encyclopedia,” in Catholics in the Liberal Professions, vol. 4 of Catholic Builders of the Nation: A Symposium on the Catholic Contribution to the Civilization of the United States (Boston: Continental Press, 1923), 204–18, at 204–5. 15. “The Making of the Catholic Encyclopedia (1917),” New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/00001a.htm. 16. Thomas F. O’Connor, “American Catholic Reading Circles, 1886–1909,” Libraries and Culture 26, no. 2 (Spring 1991), 334–47. 17. F. M. Edselas, “Institute for Woman’s Professions,” CatholicWorld, June 1893, 373–80, at 379. See Ursulines of New York [Mother Seraphine Leonard], Immortelles of Catholic Columbian Literature: Compiled from the Work of American Catholic WomenWriters (Chicago: D. H. McBride, 1896), 180–81; and Paula M. Kane, Separatism and...

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