Balkan Smoke: Tobacco and the Making of Modern Bulgaria

Index

299 Index Abadzhiev, Nikola, 64 Abadzhiev, Stefan, 121 Abbott, George, 57 abstinence movement, 38–41, 97–106, 172, 230, 231 BANU and, 99–100 BCP and, 8–9, 95, 99–102 communists and, 80–81, 104–105, 144 dissolution by Bulgarian Right, 105 Fatherland Front and, 171–172 gender dimension to, 102, 103 interwar period, 80–81, 82, 97 Nazi Party, 143–144 Protestant missionaries and, 8–9, 17–18, 19–20, 39–40 Protestants and, 80, 101–102, 104–105 socialism and, 41, 97–98 Soviet Union, 98, 170, 255n25 West, 184, 198, 254–255n25 women and, 102–103, 195–197 women’s periodicals and, 105–106 youth abstinence societies, 98–99 See also Bulgarian Communist Party, sponsorship of abstinence programs agricultural cooperative movement, 112–113 call for increased government intervention, 129, 131, 132 Ahmed I (1603–1617), 21 Albania, 56 alcohol consumption smoking, link to, 18–19 Aleksandrov, Todor, 122, 124 Alvadzhiev, Nikola, 34–37 American blended cigarettes, 204, 209, 213, 217 Bulgartabak’s emulation of, 223–224 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missionaries, 16, 239n26 American Tobacco, 29, 55, 58, 72, 74, 253n157 Andreichin, Ivan, 86 anti-Greek movement (1906), 66 anti-Semitism, 145 See also Law for the Defense of the Nation antismoking movement See abstinence movement antiwar protests, 111 April Uprising (1876), 33 Armensko (kafene), 86, 93 Asen (medieval Slavic tsar), 109 Asenovgrad krepost (newspaper), 116, 117, 126–127 Asenovgrad Krepost (tobacco cooperative), 109, 113, 127, 261n25, 264n90 achievements and acclaim, 114–116, 117–118 dedication ceremony, 108–109 economic challenges, 119–120 grower-worker tensions, 121–122 international trade, 116–117 post-Stamboliski success, 128–129, 132 public attacks against, 126–127 Sgovor government and, 119, 120 Aseo, Rakhamin Moshe, 137 Asseoff, Jacques, 129–130, 137, 138–139, 147, 265n7 efforts to stop deportation of Jews, 157–158 flight to U.S., 134, 135, 149, 150–151 Nazi Party and, 140–141, 142 support for government regulation of tobacco industry, 139–140 Asseoff, Uriel, 138 Atanasov, Georgi “Maestro,” 87 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 58, 73, 74, 250n68 Numbers in italics refer to illustrations and photographs. 300 INDEX Austro-Hungarian Steamship Company Austrian Lloyd, 48 Azadi brand cigarettes, 223 Baba Nedelia, 24, 242n64 Bagriana, Elizaveta, 92–93 Bagrianov, Ivan, 161 Bakalov, Beliu, 65 bakal (store), 18–19, 22–23 Balkan Christians. See Bulgarian Christians Balkan ethnicity, malleability of, 71 Balkan League, 70 Balkans nineteenth century commerce, 47–49 western definitions of, 14 Balkantabak (tobacco company), 130, 138, 139, 149, 150, 165 Balkantourist, 175, 177, 192 Balkan Wars (1912–1913), 51–52, 69–73 Balkapan Han (kafene), 25–26 banderol (tobacco consumption tax), 54 debt repayment and, 59 evasion of, 56–57, 57–58 bashii (spies), 21, 89, 252n118 Bei, Osman, 51 Bekerle, Adolph, 149, 265n6 Belev, Alexandŭr, 145, 149–150, 154–155, 159, 160, 163–164, 165 Benaroya, Abraham, 67 Benkovski, Georgi, 32 Bilovitski (Commissar for Tobacco), 152 biraria (beer hall), 83, 85, 93–94 Biuletin (Asenovgrad Krepost newspaper), 116, 117–118, 121–122 Black Sea coast, development of, 180–182 Blagoev, Dimitŭr, 36, 41, 64–65 Blagoeva, Vela, 95 Blunt, Fanny, 14, 18, 23–24 Bokhcha tobacco cooperative, 123–124 Boris III, Tsar, 111, 128, 131, 144–145, 151, 160 Bosnia, 71 Botev, Khristo, 32 Bozhkov, Dimitŭr, 203 Bozhkov, Kiril, 139, 142 Brailsford, H. N., 61 Brannik (right-wing youth group), 105 British American Tobacco, 58 Brophy, Charles, 15–16, 18–19, 239n22 Brŭzitsov, Khristo, 26–27, 84–86, 87–88, 90, 91, 92, 100–101 Bulgaria, 22, 33, 45, 49, 59 anti-Semitism, 145 Aryanization of industry policy, 141 Axis member, 134, 135, 136, 145 Balkan Wars, 51–52, 69–73 cooperative instinct, 131 economy, 6, 44–45, 46, 48, 49, 114, 179–180, 244n99 ethnic homogenization, 34 ethnic tensions, 26, 63–64, 66 fall of communism, 231–232 German commercial partnership, 128, 135–136 identity formation, 28–30 Italian relations, 128 Jewish deportations, opposition to, 156–159 nationalist revolutionaries, competing myths of, 32–33 Slavic immigration to, 59, 63, 251n100 smoking restrictions/bans, resistance to, 197–198, 229–230 territorial changes, xii, 46, 49, 73, 74, 76, 145 tobacco, economic importance of, 44–45, 46, 58–59, 114 urban cosmopolitan culture, development of, 33–34 U.S. relations, 274n71 World War I and, 73–74, 75–76, 110–111 See also tobacco industry; tourism industry Bulgarian Agrarian National Union (BANU), 81, 83, 99–100, 110, 112 Bulgarian Agricultural Bank, 112, 115, 126, 127, 132 “The Bulgarian Atrocities...