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Appendix B The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 30 January 1902 The Governments of Great Britain and Japan, actuated solely by a desire to maintain the status quo and general peace in the extreme East, being, moreover, specially interested in maintaining the independence and territorial integrity of the Empire of China and the Empire of Corea, and in securing equal opportunities in those countries for the commerce and industry of all nations, hereby agree as follows: Article I The High Contracting parties having mutually recognized the independence of China and of Corea, declare themselves to be entirely uninfluenced by aggressive tendencies in either country. Having in view, however, their special interests, of which those of Great Britain relate principally to China, whilst Japan, in addition to the interests which she possesses in China, is interested in a peculiar degree politically as well as commercially and industrially in Corea, the High Contracting parties recognize that it will be admissible for either of them to take such measures as may be indispensable in order to safeguard those interests if threatened either by the aggressive action of any other Power, or by disturbances arising in China or Corea, and necessitating the intervention of either of the High Contracting parties for the protection of the lives and properties of its subjects. Article II If either Great Britain or Japan, in the defence of their respective interests as above described, should become involved in war with another Power, Appendix B 214 the other High Contracting Party will maintain a strict neutrality, and use its efforts to prevent other Powers from joining in hostilities against its ally. Article III If, in the above event, any other Power or Powers should join in hostilities against that ally, the other High Contracting Party will come to its assistance , and will conduct the war in common, and make peace in mutual agreement with it. Article IV The High Contracting Parties agree that neither of them will, without consulting the other, enter into separate arrangements with another Power to the prejudice of the interests above described. Article V Whenever, in the opinion of either Great Britain or Japan, the abovementioned interests are in jeopardy, the two Governments will communicate with one another fully and frankly. Article VI The present Agreement shall come into effect immediately after the date of its signature, and remain in force for five years from that date. In case neither of the High Contracting Parties should have notified twelve months before the expiration of the said five years the intention of terminating it, it shall remain binding until the expiration of one year from the day on which either of the High Contracting Parties shall have denounced it. But if, when the date fixed for its expiration arrives, either ally is actually engaged in war, the alliance shall, ipso facto, continue until peace is concluded. Notes exchanged between the two Governments, 30 January 1902. Sir, M. le Marquis, In reference to the Agreement concluded by us to-day on behalf of our respective Governments, I have the honour to inform you that the British/ Japanese Government recognize that the naval forces of Great Britain/ Japan should, so far as possible, act in concert with those of Japan/Great Britain in time of peace, and agrees that mutual facilities shall be given for the docking and coaling of vessels of war of one country in the ports of the other, as well as other advantages conducing to the welfare and efficacy of the respective navies of the two Powers. The Anglo-Japanese Alliance 215 At the present moment Japan and Great Britain are each of them maintaining in the Extreme East a naval force superior in strength to that of any third Power. Great Britain/Japan has no intention of relaxing her efforts to maintain, so far as may be possible, available for concentration in the waters of the Extreme East, a naval force superior to that of any third Power. The information in this appendix is drawn from J. A. S. Grenville and Bernard Wasserstein , The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts, vol. 1 (London: Routledge, 2001), 54–55. ...

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