The Contagious City: The Politics of Public Health in Early Philadelphia

Index

219 Index abolitionism, 106 Academy of Medicine, 126–27 Acadians, 52–56 in Nova Scotia, 52–53 in Philadelphia, 53 See also Catholicism Adams, John, 90, 92–94 Adams, John Quincy, 144 African Americans and climatism, 82 leaders, 129 and social status, 40, 105–6, 129–30 and yellow fever, 129–30 See also Allen, Richard; Jones, Absalom agriculture and climate, 15–16, 108–9, 157–58 and colonization, 22–23, 32 and commerce, 1–3, 32, 158–59 ideological interpretations of, 14–16, 159–60 improvements within, 158–60 See also georgic ideology; pastoral ideology air. See atmosphere alcohol, regulation of, 111–12, 118, 125 Allen, Richard, 129–30 almanacs. See books almshouses, 59, 61, 62, 64 See also hospitals American Philosophical Society, 59, 78 Annapolis, 19 Anne, Queen, 34 anticontagionism, 125–27, 144–45, 149–51, 156 Appleby, Joyce, 160 appointments controversy, 41–48 architecture of hospitals, 59, 69–70, 79, 96 of households, 73–74, 107–8 military, 89–90, 93, 102 apprenticeship. See professionalization of medicine Assembly, Pennsylvania, 39–56, 67, 73, 101, 119, 122, 147–48 association, 57–58, 61, 73, 75, 110, 133 and education, 82–83 atmosphere of cities, 8–9, 19, 70, 108–9 and forests, 12–16 and health, 3–4, 10–12 of ships, 35–36, 144–46 Bache, Sarah Franklin, 133 “Barbados Distemper.” See yellow fever Bard, Samuel, 88 Barlow, Joel, 103–4 Barton, Benjamin Smith, 153 Bartram, John, 77 Bartram, Moses, 113 baths and bathing, 91, 111 See also cleanliness Bellers, John, 63 Bethel, Slingsby, 24 Blackwell, John, 27 bloodletting, 131 Bloomfield, Joseph, 137, 143 Board of Health (New York), 136–37 Board of Health (Philadelphia), 126–28, 130, 136, 138, 144, 146, 147, 150–51 Boate, Gerald, 14 body, 5–6 American contrasted with British, 81–82 and climate, 15, 81–82, 105–6, 110, 157–58 and fear, 130–31 nervous sensibility of, 104–5, 157 Boerhaave, Herman, 79, 126 Bond, Thomas, 59–60, 76, 78, 91, 105 220 Index books Adam out of Eden (Speed), 16 Airs, Waters, Places (Hippocrates), 70 almanacs, 113 Columbiad (Barlow), 103–4 A Discovery of Infinite Treasure (Plattes), 16 Domestic Medicine (Buchan), 112 Frame of Government (Penn), 26 Fumifugium (Evelyn), 8–9 Information and Direction to Such Persons as Are Inclined to the Province of Pennsylvania in America (Penn), 27 manuals, medical, 112–14 Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 158 Roderick Random (Smollet), 36 Short Account of Yellow Fever (Carey), 130 Sylva (Evelyn), 9 Boston, 36, 91, 93, 110, 147, 150, 160 botany, 77–78 Bouquet, Henry, 51 Bristol, 37 Britain colonial attitude toward, 6, 40, 81–85, 105 and imperial interests, 24–25, 34, 40 medical education in, 77–81 Brocklesby, Richard, 87 Brown, Charles Brocken, 132, 158–59 Brysell, Joseph, 148 Buchan, William, 112–13 Buckhuis, Phillip, 109 Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de, 157–58 Burlington, New Jersey, 58, 143–44, 150 embargo, 137–38 Bush Hill, 124–25 butchers, regulation of, 29–31, 71–72, 109–10 See also noxious trades Caldwell, Charles, 125, 127, 145, 149, 156–57, 161 Calvert family (Lords Baltimore), 26, 38 camps, military, 89–90 Canny, Nicholas, 14 Carey, Matthew, 124, 128, 130–31, 150 Caribbean. See West Indies Carolina, 25–26, 28, 79 See also Charles Town Catholicism and Maryland grant, 26 opposition to, 25, 38, 40, 52, 150, 158 “cave dwellers,” 29–31 Chadwick, Edwin, x Chambers, Benjamin, 27 charitable organizations, 61–66, 107, 150 Charles II, 8 Charles Town, 11–12, 52 compared with Philadelphia, 28–29, 32 charters Maryland, 26 Pennsylvania, 8, 26–28 Philadelphia, 31, 43, 45, 109 Chinese Exclusion Act (1891), 151 Chovet, Abraham, 107 Church, Benjamin, 96, 98 circulation, 70, 74 cities, by name Boston, 36, 91, 93, 110, 147, 150, 160 Bristol, 37 Burlington, 58, 137–38, 143–44, 150 Charles Town, 11–12, 28–29, 32, 52 Edinburgh, 79, 83–84, 125–27 Jamestown, 11, 15, 22 London, 7–9, 17, 19, 22–23, 32, 35, 43, 58, 61, 77–83, 99, 162 New Orleans, 114, 162 New York, 9, 34, 36, 70, 101, 136–37, 142–43, 146, 150, 153, 160 cities, criticism of, 8–9, 17–19 city planning, 1–3, 7–9, 17–19, 27–28, 57, 154 civilization, 9, 14, 106, 114, 155, 159, 161–62 Clark, William, 153 Clarkson, Mathew, 124 cleanliness, 29, 36–37, 72–75, 90–91, 107–10, 117–18, 125, 128–33 Clifton, Francis, 70 climate American described, 10–11, 13–16...