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Acknowledgments This project began at the University of California, Berkeley, and it is a pleasure to acknowledge the debts accumulated there. First and foremost, I thank Carla Hesse and Martin Jay, model mentors and advisers throughout graduate school and since. I am particularly grateful for their intellectual rigor and demanding standards. I owe a special thanks to Carla, who consistently pushed me to hone my arguments and refine my claims. I add an extra thanks to Marty, whose astonishing breadth of knowledge and eye for the big picture never ceases to astound. At Berkeley, David Bates, Thomas Laqueur, Hanna Pitkin, Hans Sluga, and Jan de Vries, among others, shaped my thinking in important ways. In addition, a tremendous cohort of fellow students made my time in Berkeley intellectually stimulating and more than enjoyable. Thanks especially to Arianne Chernock, Nick Daum, Aaron Freundschuh, Peter Gordon, Benjamin Lazier, Samuel Moyn, Manuel Rota, and Priya Satia. Finally, Berkeley’s extraordinary library system made it possible to begin research on a serious note. viii Acknowledgments The experience of research and writing in Paris has been consistently wonderful, and again it is a pleasure to thank the institutions and individuals that made my trips there so rich. The École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales and Sciences Po were institutional homes while I was still a graduate student. The Bibliothèque Nationale, the Archives Nationales , the Bibliothèque Historique de la Ville de Paris, the Archives des Affaires Étrangères, and the Archives de l’Institut National offered magnificent research collections. Patrice Gueniffey welcomed me into his seminar , Pierre Serna shared his thoughts on the Directory, and Anne Verjus shared her notes on Pierre-Louis Roederer. Charly Coleman, Benjamin Kafka, Emmanuel Saadia, Dana Simmons, and Anoush Terjanian made a fantastic discussion group, providing penetrating feedback on ideas and chapters—and great food and wine—that thankfully did not end when we all left Paris. The Department of History at Queen’s University has provided a collegial and stimulating environment for completing this project. The library system and interlibrary loan office made it possible to finish. A number of scholars have generously provided comments and suggestions over the years. Parts or all of the manuscript were read at various stages by Howard Brown, Dan Edelstein, Steven Englund, Patrice Gueniffey, Dick Howard, Samuel Moyn, Helena Rosenblatt, Pierre Serna, and K. Steven Vincent. Thomas Kaiser talked through questions of foreign policy while we were both working in the Archives des Affaires Étrangères and James Livesey offered encouragement at an important stage. I owe a special thanks to David Bell and Kent Wright for their extremely helpful and insightful, initially anonymous, reviews of the manuscript for Cornell University Press. I have presented some of the ideas from the book in progress at the Western Society for French History (twice), the Liberalism’s Return conference at Columbia University, the Society for French Historical Studies, the Toronto Area French History Group, the Queen’s University History Department , and the Workshop on Pluralism in French History in Durham (U.K.). I thank the audiences and fellow panel participants for valuable feedback. An earlier version of chapter 1 was published in French Historical Studies, and I am grateful for permission to use the material here. Research and writing during the various stages have been generously supported by a number of institutions I am grateful for the opportunity to [18.224.30.118] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 02:24 GMT) Acknowledgments ix thank: the University of California Predoctoral Humanities Fellowship, the Berkeley History Department’s Sidney Hellman Ehrman and Peder Sather Fellowships, the Berkeley Graduate Division Humanities Research Grant, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Dissertation Prospectus Fellowship , the Georges Lurcy Foundation Fellowship, the Institut Français de Washington’s Gilbert Chinard Research Fellowship, the Cultural Services of the French Government’s Chateaubriand Fellowship, the Société des Professeurs Français et Francophones d’Amérique’s Jeanne Marandon Fellowship, the Society for French Historical Studies’ John B. and Theta H. Wolf Award, and Queen’s University’s Research Initiation Grant and Advisory Research Committee Grant. Without this material support, this book would not have been written. At Cornell University Press, a heartfelt thanks to John Ackerman, who has been an enthusiastic editor from the beginning, and to Jamie Fuller and Candace Akins. Andrew Janiak has been an irreplaceable friend and inspiration for as long as I can remember. Nicolas Constantinesco has been a similarly exceptional friend, interlocutor, and compagnon de route. I...

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