The Petroleum Triangle: Oil, Globalization, and Terror

Index

237 Index Abdullah, Crown Prince and then King, 111; and appeasing potential dissent in 2011, 154; and relations with Pakistan, 130 Abqaiq, Saudi oil processing facility as terrorist target, 196 Abu Sayyaf, 72 Afghan Arabs, 65–66 Afghan mujaheddin, 64; and how globalization turned them transnational, 170; and oil money, 169–70; Saudi funding of, 65 AidData, statistics on how oil wealth is spent, 153 Ajami, Fouad, 172 Al-Jihad, 76 Albright, Madeleine, 38; and democratization in the Middle East, 145 Al-Haramain, 112; and Saudi connection, 137 Al Khilewi, Mohammad Abdalla, 129 Al Sabah, Sheikh Saud Nasser, 119 Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 26–28 Anti-Americanism, terrorist efforts to foment, 101–2; in theory, 99–101 Anzi, Aziz bin Rashid al-, and Saudi oil targets, 195 Arab Human Development Report, 79–80, 125, 146 Arabian-American Oil Company, 18, 26, 28; and terrorist threats against, 193 Arab oil embargo, 1973, 93, 196 Assad, Bashar, 148 Assad, Hafez, 148 Aslan, Reza, 173 Association for the Study of Peak Oil, 163 Atta, Mohamed, 61 Aufhauser, David, 109, 138 Atef, Mohammad, 67 Azzam, Abdullah, and Bin Laden, 59–60, 65, 68 Bandar, Prince, 111 Barber, Benjamin, 172, 190 Belief systems, 88–90 Birol, Fatih, 164 Blair, Dennis, 213 Blair, Tony, and Iraq war, 43 Blix, Hans, 40 Bosnia, 56 Bretton Woods, 14 Britain, and Al-Qaeda’s views of, 74; and flagging power in the Persian Gulf, 29–30; and oil, 26–27; and U.S. invasion of Iraq, 40 British Petroleum, 28, 201 Bush, George Herbert Walker, 21; and Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, 36, 42 Bush, George W., 21; and axis of evil, 103–4; democratization in the Middle East, 144–46; foreign policy shift after 9/11, 143–44; and Iraq war of 2003, 39–48; and religious views, 94–95; and the “surge” policy in Iraq, 212; views on terrorism, 82; and threat of WMD attacks on the United States, 122 Butterfly effect, as description of impact of globalization, 200; and Asian crisis of 1997, 189; as a metaphor, 188–89; how globalization creates conditions for, 189–90; and impact of terrorist acts, 190–91; and the Middle East revolts of 2011, 189 Button, Ken, 161 Caliphate, 77; abolition of and impact on Al-Qaeda, 78 Cambridge Energy Research Associates, 164 Carter Doctrine, 32 Cheney, Richard, and concerns about Iraq controlling Gulf oil, 45; Iraq war, 42; and oil contacts as alleged reason for supporting war, 49 China, 4; and dependence on Gulf oil, 168–69; and need for oil and impact on foreign policy, 160–61; 10th Five Year Plan, 161 Chiozza, Giacomo, 99–100 Clarke, Richard, 42–43 Clash of civilizations, 6, 96–97; Al-Qaeda’s failure to generate clash, 208 238 INDEX Clinton, Bill, 21, 85; on how administration did not launch democratization drive in Middle East, 145 Clinton, Hillary, and Al-Qaeda affiliates, 2; and memo on terrorist financing underscoring oil-rich patrons, 119–20, 139 CNN, 176 Cognitive lenses, Al-Qaeda’s world view and distorted religious lens, 4–6, 90–95; how they influence thinking, 88–90 Colonialism, perception of in Arab world, 90–91 Commission Report, 9/11, 108, 137–39 Confirmation bias, 89 Congressional Budget Office, positive impact of higher oil prices on consumption, 211 Cooley, Alexander, 10 Cooperative Defense Initiative, 133 Contagion, see butterfly effect Counterterrorism, 107; challenges of under globalization, 198–200; and terrorist financing, 107–9 Cyber attacks, 179–80 Deobandi, 115 Democratic theory, and impact of oil on democratization, 146–50 Department of Defense, and protection against terrorism, 192 Department of Homeland Security, 197, 206 Dow Jones Industrial Average, 191 Downing Street Memo, 43 Dragonfire, 122 Dual containment policy, 37 Dutch disease, 148 Economic growth, related to globalization, 160; impact of openness and trade on, 160 Egyptian Islamic Jihad, 151 Energy policy, 10; challenges of oil dependence , 210; the costs of oil dependence, 209–10; future of U.S. policy, 209–10; potential value of carbon taxes, 211 Fadl, Jamal al-, 65, 68; and WMD threat from terrorists, 123 Fahd, King, 110 Fair, Christine, 115 Foreign direct investment, 14–15 Foreign Terrorist Asset Tracking Center, 134 Freedom House, 148 Fukuyama, Francis, 143 Fuller, Graham, 57 Gates, Robert, 122 G-8 group, 145–46 Geith, Suleiman Abu, 124 Gistaro, Ted, 213 Glaspie, April, 34–35 Global communications, benefits to terrorists of, 184–85; enhancing terrorist threat, 9; and rise of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, 169–70; and use of by terrorists, 173–79 Globalization, definition...