The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian

Index

255 Index Abizaid, John P., 21 Abrams, Elliott, 182 Afghanistan, 1–2, 14, 20, 26, 188 Aldrich, George, 140 Alexandrowicz, Charles H., 55–56 Algeria, 127–33, 147–49, 176, 195 discourse of gender, 163 discourse of innocence, 172–73 Allen, Charles, 1 American Civil War. See United States, Civil War in Americas Watch, 164, 174, 178 Anghie, Antony, 65 Annan, Kofi, 2 Arafat, Yasser, 132 Arbenz, Jacobo, 18 Arendt, Hannah, 7, 13, 26, 172, 174, 190, 191, 197–98 Aristotle, 33, 66, 67, 68 Armée de Libération Nationale (ALN), Algeria, 128, 130, 132 Arms, as standard identification of combatants, 85–86, 143–45, 153 Asbridge, Thomas, 50 Augustine, 14, 24–25, 34–37, 50, 51, 172, 193 Barbarians. See Civilization, discourse of; Civilization and empire Bederman, David, 29–30 Bedjaoui, Mohammed, 128, 130 Belgium, 154 Bentham, Jeremy, 56–57 Best, Geoffrey, 154 Black Kettle (Indian chief), 99 Bluntschli, Johann, 109 Bonet, Honoré, 14, 45–46, 48–49 Book of Deeds (Christine de Pisan), 46 Brown, Wendy, 125 Brundage, James A., 28, 45 Burma, 119 Bush, George W., 14, 26, 113, 119, 129, 195 Butler, Benjamin, 90–91, 94 Butler, Judith, 79 Byers, Michael, 189 Campos Anaya, Oscar, 165 Canada, 27 Canon law, 26–41 distinguished from civil law, 28 gender and immunity, 30–34 just war and immunity, 34–37 peace movement and, 37–41 Carleton, James Henry, 83 Carter, Tim, 188 Charity, civilization and empire, 59, 66, 70, 76, 81 Chatterjee, Partha, 141 Chayes, Abram, 189, 190 Chayes, Antonia, 189, 190 Chesterman, Simon, 9 Children Algerian Civil War, 145–46, 149–51 canon law, 30, 33 chivalry, 46 civilization and empire, 63, 67, 69 El Salvador and Guatemala, 163–65, 168, 171 equivalence with civilian, 8–9, 16 General Orders 100, 88–90 Geneva Conventions, 120–26 Grotius and colonialism, 76–77, 78 Martens Clause, 110–11 unborn, 151–53 United States Civil War, 19–20 Unites States–Indian Wars, 83–84, 97–98, 100, 102 China, 137 Chivalry, 27, 41–49, 154 modern wish to reinvigorate, 25, 43 Chivington, John, 82, 97–100, 101 Christine de Pisan, 14, 15, 45, 46–47 Cicero, Marcus, 29 Civil law, distinguished from canon law, 28 Civil wars. See Algeria; El Salvador; Guatemala; United States, Civil War in Civilian definitions of, 5–6, 16 root and history of term, 28–29 use of term, 13–14 256 INDEX Civilization, discourse of, 7–9, 13–14 Algerian Civil War, 127–33 El Salvador and Guatemala, 165–70 Geneva Conventions, 112–13 Martens Clause, 107–12 Protocols Additional, 135–45 See also Civilization and empire Civilization, eighteenth century definitions of, 56–57 Civilization and empire, 53–81 charity and, 59, 66, 70, 76, 81 Grotius, 55–57 Grotius and gender, 71–81 Grotius and innocence, 75–81 military transformations and, 53–54 Spanish Requirement, 57–66 Vitoria, 54–57 Vitoria and gender, 68–70 Vitoria and innocence, 62–68 Clark, Wesley K., 2 Clausewitz, Carl von, 188 Clergy, peace movement and concept of immunity , 37–41 Coffin, Morse, 100 Colonialism. See Civilization and empire Colville, Mark, 178 Combatant, use of term, 13–14, 29 Committee of the Conduct of the War (CCW), 98, 101 Concept of discrimination, of Augustine, 24, 35 Concept of proportionality, of Augustine, 25, 35 Contamine, Phillipe, 34, 38, 40, 47 Coordinadora Nacional de Viudas de Guatemala (CONAVIGUA; National Coordination of Guatemalan Widows), 163–64 Coss, Peter R., 45 Council of Clermont, 15, 41, 50 Courtly love, 43–45 Crusades, 25–26, 41–42, 49–52 Curtis, Samuel, 99 Customary law, 27–28 Davis, Jefferson, 91 De indis noviter inventis (On the Indians Recently Discovered) (Vitoria), 55, 59, 67 De jure belli (On the Laws of War) (Vitoria), 55, 59, 68 De jure belli ac pacis libri tres (On the Laws of War and Peace) (Grotius), 13, 55, 70–80 De jure pradae (On Prize Laws) (Grotius), 55 Decretrum of Gratian, 45 Doctrine of double effect, 36 Doswald-Beck, Louise, 25 Draper, Gerald, 26 Duarte, José Napoleón, 182 Dutch East Indies Company, 16 East India Company, 16, 29 Eisenhower, Dwight, 132 Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP; Guerrilla Army of the Poor), Guatemala, 164, 180–81, 184 El Salvador, 155–86, 193, 195 combatants’ strategies and tactics, 155–62, 183–86 discourse of civilization, 165–66, 169–70 discourse of gender, 162–65 discourse of innocence, 160, 170–75 Protocols Additional, 156, 158, 175–86 Elderly canon law, 33, 46 Geneva Conventions, 120–26 Grotius and...