Africa at a Glance: Facts and Figures 15th Edition

2. Social Data

19 A FR I C A A FR I C A at a glance C H APT E R 2 C H APT E R 2 Social Data Social Data Tables Tables Global Population Growth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 African Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Countries Ranked According to Size (Population and Territory) . . . . . 24 Urban Populations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Africa’s Major Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Human Development Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Adult Literacy and School Enrolment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 University Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Life Expectancy and Child Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Maps and Graphs Maps and Graphs Africa’s Share of Global Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Population Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Urban Population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Largest Urban Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Human Development Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Incidence of Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Incidence of Malaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Incidence of HIV/AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 19 Social Data Social Data 20 Social Data Social Data TABLE 5: Global Population Growth Rapid population growth caused a doubling of the world’s population, from about 1,6 billion in 1900 to over three billion in 1960. It took only 40 years (from 1960 to 2000) for the global population to double again to over 6 billion. In 2011, world population reached 7 billion, just 12 years after reaching 6 billion. It will be most likely that the 8 billion mark will be reached in 2024, 13 years after reaching 7 billion, but it could be sooner. The highest population growth rates have occurred in the developing continents, Africa in particular. Population growth rates peaked in most parts of the world during the second half of the twentieth century, except for Europe whose population is decreasing. Global population will continue to increase in the twenty-first century, though at lower rates. Region Total population (millions) Average annual growth rate (%) 1960 2010 2025 2010–2015 World 3 026 6 892 8 108 1,1 Africa 280 1 030 1 412 2,3 Asia 1 670 4 157 4 845 1,0 Europe and Russia 640 739 747 0,1 Latin America 220 585 668 1,1 North America 200 344 391 1,0 Oceania 16 37 45 1,5 Source: 21 Source: 22 FIGURE 9: Global Population Growth Rates 21 Social Data Social Data FIGURE 10: Africa’s Share of Global Population Sources: 15, 22 FIGURE 11: Population Density Sources: 22 22 Social Data Social Data TABLE 6: African Populations Since the 1960s, Africa has had the highest population growth in the world; its 1960 population doubled to 564 million in 1986 and was projected to pass the one billion mark around 2009. It is projected that Africa’s population will double again to two billion by 2050, although this growth could be greater if birth rates do not decrease faster than currently. However, since the late 1980s there has been a world-wide decline in fertility rates which led to a commensurate decline in population growth rates. Nevertheless, population growth will remain highest in the world in Sub-Saharan Africa, despite higher mortality rates brought on by HIV/AIDS. Although many African countries have not held national censuses in the last decade or two, upto -date projections are available (column 4). Region/Country Total population (rounded) Population growth rate (%) Latest census date Census count ’000 2010 projection ’000 1990–1995 2010–2015 Total Africa - - 1 030 000 1,6 1,1 Sub-Saharan Africa - - 865 000 2,8 2,4 Southern Africa - - 140 700 2,5 1,8 Angola 1970 5 600 19 000 3,2 2,7 Botswana 2001 1 700 1 800 2,7 1,3 Lesotho 2006 1 800 1 900 1,5 0,8 Malawi 2008 13 000 15 400 1,4 2,7 Mozambique 2007 20 300 23 400 3,3 2,1 Namibia 2001 1 800 2 200 2,7 1,9 South Africa 2001 44 800 49 900 2,4 0,5 Swaziland 2007 1 000 1 200 2,3 1,4 Zambia 2000 10 200 13 300 2,8 2,4 Zimbabwe 2002 11 600 12 600 2,3 2,1 North-east Africa - - 281 400 1,4 2,5 Burundi 1990 5 300 8 500 1,6 2,0 Djibouti 2009 820 900 2,1 1,6 Eritrea 1984 2 700 5 200 0,3 2,8 Ethiopia 2007 73 900 85 000 3,3 2,5 Kenya 2009 36 600 40 000 3,2 2,6 Rwanda 2002 8 100 10 400 -5,5 2,7 Somalia 1987 7 100 9 400 -0,2 2,7 Sudan 1993 24 900 43...