Education, Empowerment, and Control: The Case of the Arabs in Israel

Table of Contents

List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgments Introduction Theoretical Framework CONTENTS • The Positivist Approach • The Conflict Approach 1 General Background: Demographic, Social, xi xiii xvii 1 5 5 8 Economic, and Political Aspects 15 • The Ottoman and the British Mandate Periods 15 • The Palestinian Arabs after the Establishment of the State of Israel 18 • Demographic Changes 19 • Social Change 20 • Social Localization 25 • Economic Delocalization 27 • Political Marginalization 29 2 Education in the Ottoman and the Mandatory Periods 37 • The Ottoman Period 37 Curriculum 38 The Private School System 40 • The Mandatory Period 41 Formal Policy 47 vii viii EDUCATION, EMPOWERMENT, AND CONTROL Hebrew Education 52 Higher Education 58 3 Arab Education after the Establishment of Israel: Administrative Issues 61 • Changes over Time 61 • The Stand of the Arab Population 68 • Official Involvement of the Arab Population 70 • Druze Education 72 • Bedouin Education 76 4 Institutions and Pupils 79 • Major Developments 79 • Secondary Schools 82 • Pupils 86 • Co-education 87 • Vocational Education 91 • Private Schools 94 5 Physical and Educational Facilities 103 • School Buildings 103 • Educational Facilities 108 • Educational Gaps among Arab Localities 109 • Mixed Cities-The Case of Jaffa 112 • The Non-Recognized Villages 114 • Arab Bargaining and Government Response 115 6 Policy, Goals, and Curricula 119 • Assimilation versus Segregation 122 • Goals, Curricula, and Textbooks (1949-1974) 124 • Curricula Aims 128 History 128 Arabic in Arab Schools 131 Hebrew in Arab Schools 131 Hebrew in Hebrew Schools 133 Arabic in Hebrew Schools 134 Religion 139 • Restating Goals and Curricula for Arab Schools (1975-1990) 139 • The New Curricula 144 History 144 Arabic 147 Hebrew 148 7 8 Civics Rel~gion Contents Teachers and Social Control • Major Developments • Teacher's Training • Women in the Education System • Status and Conditions • Teachers and Control • Military Government • Jewish Teachers • Security Classification • Professional Organization • Political Organization • Teachers and Education for Political Involvement • Democratization of the Arab Schools Higher Education • Major Developments • Religion and Educational Attainment • Employment Situation • Work Status • Formal Policy toward the Employment of University Graduates Conclusion References Index ix 149 151 153 153 155 159 161 162 167 168 169 171 172 179 185 191 192 196 203 209 211 215 225 243 ...