Dialogue, Conflict Resolution, and Change: Arab-Jewish Encounters in Israel

Notes

Notes 1. INTERGROUP RELATIONS APPROACH 1. According to this theory, there are three principles of human perceptions : (1) there is a need to explain the cause of overt behavior; (2) overt behavior is explained as caused by either external or internal dispositions; and (3) in order to attribute an internal disposition to a person, the perceiver must know that the latter has the ability to choose an alternative response. 2. CONFLICT RESOLUTION PRINCIPLES IN INTERGROUP CONFLICT 1. For further information on the emergence of the field, see AbuNimer , 1993. 2. Based on the Creative Conflict Resolution for Children, Fairfax, VA, 1993, and Conflict Resolution Clinic, George Mason University, 1992. 3. ARAB-JEWISH CONFLICT IN ISRAEL 1. These figures do not include the inhabitants of East Jerusalem, and based on statistical abstract of Israel 1990. 2. At least those parts that were occupied in the 1948 war, and were not included in the Jewish area based on the 1947 partition plan. 3. One of the previous advisors of the Israeli prime minister for Arab affairs. 4. No integration of Arabs (even those who serve in the army) in high-ranking governmental or economic positions. 5. These statistics are based on a report by the committee of the heads of Arab councils in Israel, 1991. 175 Notes to Chapter10zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVU 176 176 6. This is a new instruction by the Ministry of Education that is not followed by all schools—only 42 percent of secular public schools. 7. This notion was expressed in 45 Arab schools during seminars on Arab-Jewish relations conducted by the Institute for Education and Coexistence between Arabs and Jews in Israel in 1986-89. 4. THE ARAB-JEWISH COEXISTENCE PROGRAMS 1. The Unit for Democracy operates as a coordinating office for the different Arab-Jewish activities in the school system. The Unit is one of the case studies in this research because its staff also conducts activities in many schools. 2. See the religious department's response to this plan. In addition, the Unit for Democracy shifted its focus from Arab-Jewish relations to democracy in general, and in 1990-91, the focus was shifted to the new SovietJewish immigrants to Israel. 3. Shutfoot was established after the failure to implement a Supreme Court decision to return parts of Ekrit and Bera'am (two Arab villages that were controlled by the Jewish Kibbutz while the original inhabitants were refugees in surrounding villages). Youth Sing Different Song was established in 1984, after Jewish masses attacked Arabs in the Afula Town to avenge the deaths of two Jewish teachers who had been killed in the area. Several other organizations were established after the Intifada and the Gulf War. 4. AJewish religious newspaper published in Jerusalem,. 5. Based on a statement of Tawfeek Asalia, Haaretz, July 19, 1985. 6. This is used by Hall-Cathala in his 1990 book to describe ArabJewish contact programs. 7. Since 1993, Neve Shalom/Wahat Al Salam's team and some faculty from the social psychology department at Tel-Aviv University, began a course that focuses on Arabjewish encounters. Such a course is currently being replicated at Ben Gorion University, David Yaleen College, and other academic institutions. 8. Rzael 8c A. Katz. "Education for Coexistence at Schools between Arab and Jewish Israeli Citizens," report ordered by the Ministry of Education , Unit for Democracy, 1990. 9. These are five of the six organizations, which are included in this research (Neve Shalom/Wahat El Salam is the sixth case study). 10. The Partnership ended its Arabjewish encounters in 1990 as a result of political and organizational problems. Based on interviews with staff members of Shutfoot, the argument is that the Ministry of Education 177 zyxwvuts Notes to Chapter 10 did not approve their encounter's program; therefore, the Ministry blocked the activity of Shutfoot in the schools and lobbied to prevent foreign funds from supporting Shutfoot activities. 11. Beit Hagefen is one of the six case studies that this research is examining. 12. Based on the reports of 1985-89 on Neve Shalom/Wahat El Salam's Project to the Ford Foundation, 1989. 13. Based on the Bar et al. (1989) report. 14. Such an argument does not apply to the Bar, Bargal, and Asaqla reports and research because they used the term "Palestinian Arabs," as their participants and facilitator preferred. 5. MOTHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND THE ARAB-JEWISH PROGRAMS 1. There were several Parliament members who...