Traversing the Democratic Borders of the Essay

INDEX

Abolition, 44–45, 61 Academia: achieving a place in, 103–132; difficulty with writings of Freire in, 75; failure of accessibility in writing, 114; gaining acceptance in, 13, 111; injustices in, 105; institutionalization of, 55; lack of democratic personal discourse in, 113; necessity for venturing outside of, 55; rights to belonging in, 110 Academics, Latino/a, 103–132; academic legitimacy for, 106; acceptance in academia, 117–122; affirmative action and, 104–105; degrees awarded, 109–110; education of readership on personal experiences, 117–122; as “exceptions ,” 109–110; perceptions of oppression by, 104; racism and, 104; regarded as foreigners, 104; tenure and, 104; tokenism and, 104, 112, 113; “typecasting syndrome ” and, 104 Accessibility, 65; academic use of, 7–8; in Behar, 124–127; gaining respect and, 13; as guide to students , 8; knowledge of books and lived experience in, 58; in personal essays, 16; purposes of, 46; in shaping of democratic system, 42; Thoreau and, 67, 68; in Villanueva, 108–114; of writing, 67, 68; in writings of Freire, 86–92 Achebe, Chinua, 40 Action: affirmative, 104–105; men of, 56, 59; personal moral aspects of, 38; political, 10, 12; rhetoric of, 36 Activism, 74 Addison, Joseph, 2, 10 Adorno, T.W., 3, 6, 10, 58 Advancement of Learning, The (Bacon), 34, 36 Agrarianism, 62, 63 Albee, John, 59 Alcott, Bronson, 45, 46, 53 America(n): community of “Western European,” 53; educational movement in, 42; formation of democracy in, 39–69; independence from Western Europe, 53; intellectualism , 73; scholarly development in, 67; search for community, 53 American Revolution, 49 “American Scholar, The” (Emerson), 11, 44, 52–58, 58, 59, 75, 85, 91 Anaxagoras, 26 Anderson, Chris, 3, 10, 11, 38, 58 149 I N D E X Angelou, Maya, 15 Antisystematization, 7 Anzaldúa, Gloria, 1, 16, 87–88, 127 Apathy, 32 Arguedas, Alcides, 73 Arnold, Matthew, 2 Aronowitz, Stanley, 76, 78 Assaying the writer, 88 Assimilation, 119, 123 Atkins, G. Douglas, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 33, 107 Atwan, Robert, 11, 43 Authenticity: in addressing injustice, 9; Freire and, 9, 98–102; search for, 98; through self-awareness, 99; Villaneuva and, 9 Authority: maintaining, 34 Autobiography, 61; ethnic groups and, 15; fiction mix, 8–9; Latin American, 80; nontraditional writers and, 15; overlap with essays, 15; personal essay as, 13 Bacon, Anthony, 34 Bacon, Francis, 2, 48, 57; The Advancement of Learning, 34, 36; antisystematic form of essay by, 39; criticism of imitation, 37; Essays, 35; essays’s use for political action and, 10, 34–38; impact of Renaissance on, 16; interest in less personal form of essay, 35, 38; Novum Organum, 38; “Of Truth,” 35; plain style of, 1; political differences with Montaigne, 37; practicality in writing by, 35; privacy and, 33; Pyronnian Skepticism and, 37; references to Montaigne, 34, 35; use of essay form, 10 Bahktin, M.M., 7 Baldwin, James, 15–16 “Bean-Field, The” (Thoreau), 64 Behar, Ruth, 5, 12–13, 133, 134, 136; accessibility and, 124–127; “The Biography in the Shadow,” 128; Bridges to Cuba, 122; “Dare We Say I,” 105, 127, 132; “Death and Memory: From Santa María del Monte to Miami Beach,” 130, 131; ethnographic identity and, 124–127, 130–132; “Juban Arica,” 122; “No Returns,” 122; personal essay scholarship of, 8, 105, 122–132; The Presence of the Past in a Spanish Village, 122; resistance to being a translated academic, 128–132; rise to academic prominence, 122–124; selfreflexivity and, 124–127; sincerity in writing, 130–132; spontaneity and, 128–132; “The Story of Ruth the Anthropologist,” 122; Translated Woman: Crossing the Border with Esperanza’s Story, 122, 127; The Vulnerable Observer, 122, 123, 125, 126, 130; Women Writing Culture, 122; “Writing in My Father’s Name,” 124, 125 Being: moments of, 6 Belief: institutionalized, 44 Bello, Andres, 72 Bereiter, Carl, 112, 113 Berlin, James, 2 Berry, Edmund, 49, 50 Berthoff, Ann, 86 Bhabha, Homi, 88 Bickman, Martin, 53, 54 Biography, 27, 28 “Biography in the Shadow, The” (Behar), 128 Bishop, Wendy, 107 Bloom, Lynn, 107 Bolivar, Simon, 72 Bootstraps: From an American Academic of Color (Villanueva), 13, 105, 106–114 Border Pedagogy, 87 Bosco, Ronald, 44, 49 Bowyer, John, 49 Bridges to Cuba (Behar), 122 150 Index Briggs, Charles Frederick, 67 Brody, Jules, 23 Brooke Farm, 44 Brooks, John, 49 Brown, John, 45 Brutus (Plutarch), 27 Bunge, Carlos Octavio, 73 Burkholder, Robert, 53 Butrym, Alexandra, 6 Calvinism, 19–20 Carlyle, Thomas, 46, 49, 53 CCCC. See...