Reinterpreting Urban School Reform: Have Urban Schools Failed, or Has the Reform Movement Failed Urban Schools?

Index

317 Index Accelerated Schools Project, 7, 8, 147, 155, 156–158, 162, 255, 256, 257, 264; as choice of teachers, 166; instructional components, 157; process orientation, 157; state standards and, 157 Accountability: academic, 55; educational , 71; high stakes, 81; market and, 284–285; outcome-based, 57; standardized tests and, 81; to state-articulated standards, 34; Title I and, 55 Adamany, D., 115 Adler, P., 189 Adler, P.A., 189 African-Americans: culturally relevant teaching methods for, 25; educational isolation of, 15, 16, 17, 19, 28, 249; ethic of care in community/school, 250, 251–258; restructuring and, 259–272; traditional education approaches, 8, 249–272; types of learning environments needed, 249; urban student populations, 15 Alexander, K.L., 186 Alinsky, S., 214 Allen-Haynes, L., 8, 249–272 Alliance for Better Chicago Schools, 213 Allington, R.L., 129, 135 American Counts Act, 5 America’s Choice, 156, 158, 166; emphasis on testing, 158; observation /assessment in, 158 Anderson, Y., 108 Anyon, J., 44, 97 Appadurai, A., 241 Apple, M., 283, 306 Archer, D., 95, 97, 103, 106, 111, 117, 119 Armor, D., 20 Armour, D.J., 96 Arsen, D., 97 Askew, B.J., 133 Assessment: district programs, 81; performance, 165tab; of public/private school choice, 202; state programs, 81; of student performance, 69–72 Assessments: needs, 61, 65; performance , 68 Astuto, T., 45 Audi, T., 109 Bankston, C.L., 16 Bardzell, J., 135 Barthelemy, S., 239 Baum, H.S., 8, 230–231, 303, 306 Becker, G.S., 286 Becker, H.J., 210 Beckham, B., 110 Bell, D., 106, 110 Bender, W.N., 78 Bennett, L., 102 Bennett, W., 213 Bersin, A., 23 Blau, P., 186, 288 Blouse, R., 102 Blum, L., 249 Bodilly, S., 70, 71 Bourdieu, P., 186, 222, 288 Boyd, W.L., 41, 44, 45 Brenzel, B., 34 Brown v. Board of Education, 1, 2, 15, 16, 17–18, 27, 28, 249, 251, 258, 280, 300 Bryk, A.S., 97, 114, 116, 212, 213, 218, 219, 222 Bull, B., 34 Burlingame, M., 44 Burnely, K., 95, 115, 116 Busing, 3, 28, 251, 252, 280 Cadray, J., 249–272 Cain, T., 65 Caldas, S.J., 16 California: bilingual education in, 241; Los Angeles superintendency , 23; reading reform in, 135; San Diego superintendency, 23; San Francisco desegregation, 20; Santa Ana 2000, 242; Santa Ana as “Education First,” 242, 301; Santa Ana demographics, 240–241; Santa Ana joint ventures , 230, 232, 240–243, 301; Santa Ana school reform in, 8 Carter, D.F., 288 Carter, R.L., 16 Castells, M., 2 Chambliss, E., 102–103 Cherryholmes, C., 233 Chicago Panel on School Policy and Designs for Change, 212, 213, 214 Chicago school reform, 8. See also School takeovers, Chicago; Local School Councils and, 8, 114, 115, 209, 218, 219, 301 Chicago School Reform Act (1988,1995), 8, 20, 212–216 Chicago Teachers Union, 212, 213 Christoff, C., 97, 105 Chubb, J.E., 23, 178, 181, 186 Chung, C., 129–150, 155–174 Clark, D., 45 Clark, K., 20 Coffey, A., 188 Coleman, J.S., 19, 20, 21, 27, 29, 211 Coleman Report, 19 Collaborated Approaches, 172 Comer, J.P., 7.156, 42, 155, 257, 259 Commission on Chapter 1, 61 Community: concerns over student achievement, 231–233; connectivity to, 270; defining, 306; development , 229–245; empowerment of, 209; involvement, 68; mental health programs, 7; mobilization, 212; as participatory democracy, 306–308; reforms, 8; research, 212 Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration Program, 5 Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration Program (CSRD), 68, 289 Comprehensive School Reform Demonstration Project Act (1997), 155 Contract with America, 70 Corwin, R., 210 Council of Great City Mayors, 229 Courts, 2–4; federal, 2; school finance and, 2; state, 2, 3 Crain, R., 20 Crescent Park School, 260–266 Critical-empirical review, 2, 9–10 Crowson, R., 303, 306 Cuban, L., 44 Cultural: capital, 186; coherence, 190, 191–200; institutions, 306; perspectives, 300; relevance, 25; reproduction, 186, 201 Cunningham, P.M., 134 Curriculum: alignment, 159, 199; coordinated, 64; cultural relevance of, 25; differentiation, 114; enrichment, 69; implementation, 229; in-appropriate, 91; individualized , 82; integrated, 64; main318 Index stream, 79; policy, 25; student learning outcomes and, 159 Daley, R., 98, 215, 216 Darling-Hammond, L., 24 Datnow, A., 156 Davies, D., 243 DeGrow, D., 99, 100, 103 Delgado-Gaitan, C., 210 Democracy: local, 256; participatory , 211, 214, 216, 217, 218–220, 306–308; of shared responsibility, 221; student outcomes and, 220–221 Dempsey, V., 250, 255 DeRolph v. State...