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Note on Transliteration I have omitted diacritical markings, except for ˜ayn and hamza, in Arabic and Turkish proper nouns and in Turkish common nouns not derived from Arabic, as well as in personal names, such as Ismail and Osman, commonly written without diacriticals. Otherwise, the transliteration system used for both Arabic and Ottoman Turkish is that employed by the International Journal of Middle East Studies. Names and titles of Ottoman officials and provincial grandees, as well as titles of literary works in Ottoman Turkish and the names of their authors, are rendered in Turkish; Egyptian and Yemeni place names, literary titles in Arabic, and the names of their authors are rendered in Arabic. Provincial offices, with the exception of defterdar, are rendered in Arabic. Terms that can be found in English dictionaries, such as “mamluk,” “reaya,” “Sufi,” and “ulema,” retain the spellings found there. xi ...

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