NOTES
NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. The Women’s House is a pseudonym for the shelter. All names used in this study are likewise pseudonymous to protect confidentiality. The women’s words are used with permission. 2. The shelter is operated by the YWCA, a national network of educational and health facilities funded by a variety of federal, state, and local sources. See chapter 2. 3. M. M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 276. 4. Ibid., 279. 5. Bakhtin, “The Problem of Speech Genres,” 93. 6. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 291. 7. Sandra M. Schneiders, Beyond Patching: Faith and Feminism in the Catholic Church (Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1991), 32–33. 8. The typology is based on the work of Kristine M. Rankka in Women and the Value of Suffering. 9. Soelle, Suffering, chapter 3, 61–86. 10. I intend the term “local theology” to capture the notion that local people, rather than theologians, ministers, priests, or other pastoral care workers, are the primary shapers of theological responses to the problems of everyday lives. See chapter 9. 11. George Spindler and Louise Spindler, Interpretive Ethnography of Education (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Press, 1987), 17. 12. A subculture is “any self-identified group of people—who share language, stories, rituals, behaviors, and values,” a group defined by geography, ethnicity, behaviors , interests. See Elizabeth Chiseri-Strater and Bonnie Stone Sunstein, Field Working : Reading and Writing Research (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997), 5. Survivors at the shelter may be defined as a specific subculture in the upper South. 13. See Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures, 5. 14. Kathleen M. Sands, Escape from Paradise, 65. 233 234 NOTES TO CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 1. There has not been, however, a good understanding of how self-defense factors into woman-perpetrated violence or how male multiple aggression patterns change the outcomes of violence. Women suffer graver injuries so the meaning of female and male violence is different. See Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, National Family Violence Survey and Ronet Bachman and Linda E. Saltzman, Violence Against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey. 2. Yet women are more likely to seek out medical rather than mental health services to deal with domestic violence. See Soraya M. Coley and Joyce O. Beckett, “Black Battered Women: A Review of the Empirical Literature,” Journal of Counseling and Development 66.6 (February 1988): 268. 3. For these and further feminist perspectives on the meanings of violence to battered women, see R. Emerson Dobash and Russell P. Dobash, Violence Against Wives: A Case Against the Patriarchy (New York: Free Press, 1979); Kersti Yllo and Michele Bograd, Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse (Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage, 1988); and Mildred D. Pagelow, Woman-Battering: Victims and Their Experiences (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1981). On the cycle and escalation of violence, see Lenore Walker, The Battered Woman (New York: Harper, 1979). 4. See C. Doran, “Family Violence,” in Dictionary of Pastoral Care and Counseling , ed. Rodney J. Hunter, (Nashville: Abingdon, 1990), 426–29. 5. I will not be explicitly concerned, in this study, with instances of violence between homosexual partners, between siblings and relatives, and by women against men. 6. The following information can be found in Jana L. Jasinski and Glenda Kaufman Kantor, “Dynamics and Risk Factors in Partner Violence,” in Partner Violence ; eds. Jana L. Jasinski and Linda M. Williams; Bachman and Saltzman, Violence Against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey; A. L. Kellerman and J. A. Mercy, “Men, Women, and Murder: Gender-Specific Differences in Rates of Fatal Violence and Victimization,” Journal of Trauma 33.1 (1992): 1–5; and Jan E. Stets and Murray A. Straus, “Gender Differences in Reporting of Marital Violence and Its Medical and Psychological Consequences,” in Physical Violence in American Families, eds. Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, 151–65. 7. This is a finding of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and the Center for Health and Gender Equity. See “Women Abused Worldwide,” Off Our Backs (February 2000): 4, which cites the figure from the Feminist Majority Website at http://feminist.org/news. 8. See Judith McFarlane, Pam Willson, Dorothy Lemmey, and Ann Malecha, “Women Filing Assault Charges on an Intimate Partner,” Violence Against Women 6.4 (April 2000): 397. 9. Donna E. Shalala, “Domestic Terrorism: An Unacknowledged Epidemic,” Vital Speeches of the Day, vol. LX. 15 (May 15, 1994): 450. 10. Some locales have mandatory arrests policies if there is evidence of...
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