Enemies of Civilization: Attitudes toward Foreigners in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China

List of Illustrations

ix Illustrations NOTE: All figures of ancient objects or images have been redrawn by Tze-hsuan Huang and Chia-yin Yao. Locations of published photos of the images are indicated below. Figure 3.. Cylinder seal showing a king (?) and defeated enemies. H. Frankfort, 939: 23, fig. 6. 52 Figure 3.2. The victory stela of Naram-Sin. J. B. Pritchard, 954, fig. 309. 54 Figure 3.3. The Narmer palette. B. J. Kemp, 99: 42, fig. 2. 55 Figure 3.4. A typical image of the Pharoah smiting the enemies. E. S. Hall, 986, fig. 64. 57 Figure 3.5. Bound foreigners representing various tribes. G. Robins, 997: 37, fig. 55. 58 Figure 3.6. Nubians and Syrians representing the Nine Bows. Ch. Desroches-Noblecourt, 963: 5. 59 Figure 3.7. Lybian people depicted as domesticated Egyptians in the temple of King Sahure, Fifth Dynasty. L. Borchardt, 903, vol. 2., pl. . 60 Figure 3.8. Human face with Mongolian type. Excavated at Baoji. Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan kaogu yenjiusuo, 983: 75, fig. 57:. 6 Figure 3.9. Human head of Austronesian type between two beasts. K. C. Chang, 983a: 360, pl. 6. 62 Figure 3.0. Bronze mask from Sanxingdui. Wenwu, 989.5: 6, pl. 0. 63 Figure 3.. Human head of Scythian type. Excavated at Zhaochen. Wenwu, 986.: 46, pl. 2. 64 Figure 5.. Nubian serving as household servant in Egypt. H. Junker, 929–55: vol. 2: 94, pl. XVI. 07 Figure 5.2. Tomb stela of a Nubian mercenary during the First Intermediate period. Gebelein. H. G. Fisher, 96. 09 x Illustrations ...