Index 255 Abhidharma literature, 101, 107, 120 Abhidharmakoså (Vasubandhu), 11, 21–22, 102, 184 Abhidharmakoßabhåsyam(Vasubandhu), 102, 108 Abhidharmasauccayabhåsya, 74 Abhisamayålankara (Maitreya), 97 abortion, 131, 146, 150–55, 222 Abrahamic religious traditions, 175, 229 accidental death, 64–65, 85 actions: completion of, 126–27,185; consequences of, 56, 182; and cyclic existence, 93; ethics, 126, 223, 184– 85; mitigation of, 127, 130; and multiple lifetimes, 39, 134; predispositions , 151; quality of, 33–34; and rebirth, 210; ripening of, 126, 134; skilled and unskilled, 51, 127, 134. See also imprints; karma adoption, 201 advance healthcare directive, 174, 185, 217–18 afflictions, 8, 9, 35, 91. See also afflictive emotions afflictive emotions: and consciousness , 37; at death, 218; and ignorance, 56; and karma, 88; and mind, 104; purifying, 31, 35–36, 37; and self, 54 afterlife, 6, 35, 58, 80 aggregates, the five, (skandhas): in bardo being, 22; and cognition, 60; and consciousness, 113; and constituents, 71–72; as corporeal, 21; as criteria for existence, 220; dissolution with elements, 105; and emptiness, 67; in Indian Buddhism, 10; and organ donation, 159; and self, 9, 47–49, 92–93; as transitory, 9, 10 aging, 57, 216 ahiμså. See nonharm Aitken, Robert, 153–54 ålayavijñåna: defined, 28, 69; and gandharva, 101; in Madhyamaka, 95–96, 97; Tsongkhapa on, 98; in Yogåcåra, 73–77, 97 Amitåbha Buddha, 98 anåtman, theory of, 19, 25, 51–52, 55 ancestral path, 100–101 anencephalic infants, 160 Anguttara Nikåya, 88 animal life, value placed on, 131–33 256 Index antaråbhava, 21–22, 101–102, 107–108 antaråparinirvåyin, 102, 108 anthropomorphism, 132 antidotes, 13, 53, 54, 82 anxiety and dying, 100 arhat: and buddhas compared, 68, 127; defined, 50, 122; and emptiness , 67; as goal of path; 67–68; as identity-less, 29; and karmic stream, 179; Kisagotam¥ as, 17–18; and no-self, 52; and suicide, 138– 39, 179–80; without remainder, 121 Asa∫ga: on ålayavijñåna,74, 76; and dying dog (parable of), 157; on reality, 70, 72; and Yogåcåra, 68, 75, 97; Yogåcårabh¶mi, 74 asexual reproduction, 198 Asian society, structure of, 194 assisted reproduction, 202 assisted suicide: actions, 136; attitudes towards, 136; debates on, 3; and euthanasia, 164, 177; and intention, 136; legalization, 217; under Pråtimok∑a precepts, 129; in Tibetan Buddhism,129; types of, 163–64. See also physician-assisted suicide Astonishing Hypothesis, 39 astrologers, 16 Atißa, 67 åtman, 19, 50, 51, 56–57 atoms, 72 attachment, 34, 56, 115, 175, 200 autocremation, 140, 144 autonomy, 169 Avalokiteßvara, Bodhisattva of Compassion, 16, 24, 67, 92 awakening, 9, 72, 136, 208, 217 awareness: as citta, 33; as consciousness , 32, 48, 58; cultivation of, 39; Gyatrul Rinpoche, on, 111, 113; meditative, 219 bardo: concept, 100; duration of, 105; existence in, 102–103, 123; and merit, 223; in Theravåda, 119–21 bardo being: and conception, 150–51; form of, 85–86, 101–103; and identity, 85–86; as impervious to harm, 120; and karma, 119; and rebirth, 85, 120 bardo of becoming, 118–19, 148 bardo of dreaming, 111–13 bardo of dying, 114–17 bardo of living, 110–11 bardo of meditative stabilization, 113– 14 bardo of reality itself, 117–18 bardo state, 40, 86, 88. See also intermediate state bardo texts, 121 Bardo Tödrol, 11, 58 Beauchamp, Tom L., 163–64, 169, 175–76, 181 beings: in formless realm, 39, 65, 103, 105; free of discursive thought, 70; in hell, 132; in the intermediate state, 21–22, 65; beings, invisible, 197–98; nonhuman, 146; realized, 131; without materiality, 21–22. See also specific types of beings bell, 90 beneficence, 229 bhava, 102, 237n13 bhavaga, 101 Bhikƒu£¥ Pratimokƒa S¶tra, 137–38, 146 bile, 66 bio-legal dimensions of dying, 193 bioengineering, 201, 207 bioethical dialogue, 193–94, 224 bioethical dilemmas, 195 bioethical issues, public debate on, 3–4, 9–10, 12 bioethics, Buddhist, 125–26, 133–35, 206 biogenetic research, 205–207 biotechnology, 202, 208 Biquini zhuan, 140–41 bodhicitta, as antidote, 53; and bodhisattvas, 67, 130; and Buddhahood , 52; and death, 117; in Mahåyåna, 129; in phowa, 89; and self-immolation, 143 [3.144.172.115] Project MUSE (2024-04-17 01:39 GMT) Index 257 bodhisattva: and bodhicitta, 67,130; and compassion, 29; and controlled rebirth, 122; and death of, 28–29; and emptiness, 68–69; and enlightenment , 52, 28–29; 67; and ethics, 130; first...