The Cage: Must, Should, and Ought from Is

Index

Abduction: as conceptual exploration, 12 Absolute: as overarching system, 54 Absolutism, 158 Actions: voluntary, 237 Adaptability, 21 Aesthetic(s): experiences, 206–207, 210, 211; norms, 6, 201–219; values, 201–219 Affirmation: expression of dedication, 140 Altruism, 127; universalizing, 164 Appetite: cyclical, 68; normativities implied by, 68 Aristotle, 68, 95, 156, 238, 275n29; acknowledgment of efficient cause, 85; categorial form and, 9; on causality, 10, 67; on character , 94; cultural variables and, 226–228; description of friendship, 222; discerning norms in matters of fact, 186–187; emphasis on formal cause, 85; inference of relations of things and properties by, 47; on logic, 26; metaphysics of, 56, 67; notion of final cause, 182; systemic problems, 226–228; universalia in rebus of, 41 Atomism/individualism, 15fig; autonomy and, 96; conflict and, 90; cooperation and, 91; credibility of, 85; Democritean, 15; emphasis on self-sufficiency, 89; exemption from unsolicited duty in, 90; failure of, 235, 236; falsification of, 6; freedom and, 17, 233, 234; freedom from constraint and, 85; generalization from favorable examples in, 176; internalist version of, 96; logical, 42; markets and, 250; misrepresentation of form of reality by, 176; morality and, 80, 83–87; moral psychology of, 95, 96; narrow range of applications of, 85; notion of individuality in, 235; as ontological alternative, 22; perceptions of conflict in, 90; possibility in, 17; public and, 170; reality and, 14, 83, 84; responsibility and, 96; satisfaction of, 175; as secular version of Protestant conscience, 90; self-sufficiency and, 20; signature values of, 89–94; social, 83, 123, 142; subversion by causality, 85 Attitude: boundaries established by, 99; determination of appraisal of circumstance and effect and, 146; habitual, 99; synthesis of, 99 Augustine, 129; notion of individuality, 235 Autonomy: acquisition of, 22; atomism and, 96; communitarianism and, 18; consolidation of, 133; derivation of should and ought from is and, 143–150; emergence with development, 240; of language games, 39, 173; modularity of systems and, 62; moral, 139, 143–150; in organizations, 62; practical conditions for, 76; psychic, 139; reduction of, 63; relative, 236; self-regulating, 84; socialization into, 277n9; in systems, 236 Averaging, 47 Awareness, 95 Beauty: conditions of, 210; contrasts and, 214; creation of, 201, 202–219; emergence of, 209; exhilaration from, 214; experience Index 287 of, 72, 201, 207–208, 209, 210, 213; features of, 214; as function of material and formal properties of objects, 208; as function of sensibility enabling us to perceive, 208; indexical use of, 208; interaction of perceiver and perceived in, 208; judgment on, 211; natural, 213–215; objectivity and, 209; organizing idea of, 214; properties of, 210, 214; sites of, 210; space and time in, 215–217; subjectivity and, 211; visibility of, 203 Behavior: costs of, 127; creation of, 10; determinability of, 21; distorted, 22; interpersonal , 134; lawful, 139; morality and, 73; practical value in, 67; redirecting, 115; regulation of, 73, 160; social, 123, 145; stabilizing , 61; unreliable, 127 Being: cogito as ground for, 11; possibility as mode of, 31; in thought, 11 Bell’s inequalities, 55 Berkeley, George, 2; esse est percipi of, 36, 46 Body: as attractor state, 181; as organic system, 178; stabilizable, 181; sustainability of, 178 Boundaries: breaching, 5; defining capabilities of, 5; defining spatial regions, 215, 216; established by attitudes, 99; of social systems , 62; topological, 45 Bridgman, Percy, 46 Butler, Bishop, 27, 29, 57 Calvinism, 96 Carnap, Rudolf, 175, 270n1 Categorial form: see Form, categorial Causality: as energy transfer, 85; explanation for, 10; mechanical interpretation of, 274n25; natural laws and, 35–41; science and, 10–11 Cause: difference from, 85; efficient, 51, 67, 85; final, 67, 182; formal, 51, 67, 85; material , 67; natural, 68; need for appropriate for desired effect, 66; in systems, 51 Cause and effect, 70, 265; dependencies in, 44; expectation and, 2; human interest and, 66, 67; increasing magnitude in, 40; natural relation of, 64; perceptions and, 35; relation between, 38, 39; separability of, 38, 39 Cephalus, 186 Change, 228–229; acceptable, 228; accidental , 85; adjustments to, 1; in cause and effect interactions, 44; constraints on, 57; cultural, 228–229; in dispositions, 58; gradual , 1; in human interests, 66; identity and, 28; radical, 228; sameness as distinct from, 4; welcome, 228 Chaos, 49 Character: alteration of, 249; as basis for morality, 94; as cognitive-affective posture, 240; derivation of should and ought from is and, 141–143; determination of responses and, 141; emergence of, 20; formation, 78, 132; formed from learning cooperatively, 141–143; formed in core systems, 139; as foundation for duty, 141; moral, 93, 143...