INDEX 243 Adams, Floyd, Jr., 203–4 African American community, 29. See also race Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF), 41, 42, 201, 204 Seattle Jobs Initiative (SJI), 122–25 Apprentice Opportunities Project (AOP), 119–20 apprentice use policies, 119–20 Argust, Tom, 164, 165 Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), 205 asset building, 35–38 Asset Building Equity Agenda, 205 asset mapping, 204–6 as tool for economic development, 204–6 asset policies, 228–29 Assets for Independence Act of 1998, 36 Austin, 81–83, 104–7 economic and workforce development , 90–92 evolution of workforce development, 92–93 initiative profiles, 93–102 overview, 84–88 profile of municipal government, 88–89 Austin Community College (ACC), 91–92, 97 Austin Equity Commission, 89, 102–5 Austin Interfaith, 89–91, 99 Austin Project, 93–95 Bell, Vickie, 169, 172 Biscoe, Sam, 102 bond financing, tax-exempt, 138 Brehm, Robert, 70–71 Brooks, Maggie, 183–84 Byrne, Jane, 63 Capital Area Training Foundation (CATF). See Skillpoint Alliance Capital IDEA, 99–102 Casey Foundation. See Annie E. Casey Foundation Center for Employment Training (CET), 148 central planning, 181 Chicago. See Washington, Harold Chicago democratic machine history, 53–54 politics, 53–54 Chicago Works Together (CWT) plan, 56–59 Christopherson, Susan, 177, 178 cities conditions and characteristics of, 9–10, 13, 14 economic injustices in the treatment of, 180–81 Clavel, P., 7 Cleveland, 217. See also Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Community (EZ/EC) program 1950–2000, 134–36 municipal-led economic and workforce initiatives during 1990s, 133–34, 151–57 Cleveland Housing Network (CHN), 135–36 cocaine, crack, 194 community-based organizations (CBOs), 119, 122–24, 126–27 244 INDEX community building, 41–42 approaches to accomplishing comprehensive, 41 Community Capital Development, 121 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), 65 community development corporations (CDCs), 39, 121, 135, 136, 139, 140, 156, 173, 174 community development financial institutions (CDFIs), 30 community economic development, 26 community institution building, 121 community organizing, 231 Community Reentry (ex-offender program), 149 Community Technology and Training Centers (CTTCs), 98 Construction Gateway, 97–98 crack cocaine, 194 credit unions, 42, 43 crime control, community, 198–99 Cuyler-Brownsville neighborhood, 194–95, 209 public and private housing investment in, 208 Daley, Richard J., 53–55 Daley, Richard M., 51–53 delegate agencies, 63–65 Department of Economic Development (DED), 56, 57, 71–74 Research and Development (R and D) Division, 56, 62 Dey, David, 170 Downpayment on the American Dream Policy Demonstration, 36–37 Doyle, Jack, 179–80, 182, 187n13 “dual-customer” approach, 96 Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), 35, 36 East Austin, 85, 89, 93, 94 economic change and globalization, 223 Economic Development Administration (EDA), 56 Economic Development Department. See Department of Economic Development Economic Development Initiative (EDI) grants, 138, 142 Economic Development Office. See Office of Economic Development economic injustices in the treatment of cities, 180–81 education, 103. See also school reform emerging workforce, 93 employment credits, 138 employment initiatives, 122–25. See also jobs strategies sectoral, 31–32 worker-focused, 32–33 employment linkage, 121 Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Community (EZ/EC) program, 137. See also Supplemental Empowerment Zone Empowerment Zones (EZs), 153–57 jobs created and retained from EZ investments, 151, 152 labor force participation and unemployment in EZ communities, 141 labor force strategy, 144–46 addressing special needs of specific population groups, 149–50 filling occupational gaps, 148 one-stop workforce development system, 147–48 rapid attachment, 146–47 loan products available in EZs, 142, 143 projects, 155 resources available to EZ communities , 137–38 seeking EZ designation, 136–40 support services for EZ residents, 149–50 tuition program, 150 enterprise economy, 26 equity. See social equity Family Independence Initiative (FII), 45 [54.205.179.155] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 06:14 GMT) 245 INDEX “first-source hiring” program and policy, 59, 66 Freescale, 100 Gateway program, 97–98 geographic restructuring, 223–24 globalization and economic change, 223 Grants for Blocks Program, 202–3, 208–9 grassroots mobilization, 221 Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce, 95, 96 homeownership, 37 HOPE VI, 40 housing, 135–36 nonprofits and, 172–74 Housing and Human Services Department (HHS), 119 Housing and Urban Development Department (HUD), 142, 173 housing investments, 208 immigration, 223 Individual Development Accounts (IDAs), 36–37 industrial policy, regional, 30 industry task forces, 59 information centers, 170 Initiative for a Competitive Milwaukee, 28–29 inner city, investing in the, 28–29 job-centered economic development, 45n1 jobs, 7–8, 58–62, 118–20. See also labor markets high- vs. low...