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419 Chapter 9 Petun Village and Camp Sites Interpreted 9.0 Introduction In this chapter, the relationships and movements of Petun villages and some camps will be interpreted, and matched to the historical record detailed earlier. 9.1 The Ontario Archaeological Sequence and the Petun Country The archaeological sequence since the close of the last Ice Age in Southern Ontario is fairly well understood and is divided by archaeologists into time periods which reflect periodic archaeologically detectable evidence of changes in material culture. Not all archaeologists divide the sequence into periods the same way, or use the same dates to divide the periods or even the same terminology. Some further subdivide the periods.The time period references used here as applicable to the Petun Country are adapted from a poster created by The Ontario Archaeological Society (OAS 1989) and are as follows: Palaeoindian: ca. 10,000 to 7,000 B.C. Archaic: ca. 7,000 to 1,000 B.C. Initial Woodland: ca. 1,000 B.C. to A.D. 700 Ontario Iroquoians: A.D. 700 to 1651 Historic: A.D. 1616 to 1900 Evidences of all of these time periods have been found in what briefly became the Petun Country, usually as isolated projectile points left by transient hunters.There were no large permanent villages with substantial populations until immediately before the arrival of the Petuns (in the Protohistoric Period; see Chapter 1.2.6), and no sequences of villages before the Petuns. The Palaeoindian Period, with the earliest known human presence in the Petun Country, is represented both by the Fisher (BcHa-45) site on the Lake Algonquin stage shore ridge south of Stayner (Storck 1997,2004),and a single chert fluted spear point found geographically between the Fisher site and the chert quarries in the Beaver Valley to the west.The fluted point had been redeposited by heavy water runoff from higher up the Blue Mountain escarpment onto the MacMurchy property which coincidentally also has a Petun village site MacMurchy (Garrad 1967d, 1971).The people of the Palaeoindian Period were transient hunters from southwest Ontario whose seasonal round included the chert quarries of the BeaverValley. The late Palaeo-Early Archaic McKean site and the nearby multi-component Renter site, which had a Middle Archaic component, were found where Batteaux Creek cuts 420 PETUN VILLAGE AND CAMP SITES INTERPRETED through the Lake Nipissing stage ridge (Lennox 1996,2000a).An Archaic Period Brewerton corner-notched chert spear point was found along the Algonquin ridge trail near, but unrelated to, the Fisher site (Storck 1997: 86, 89, 94). Other Archaic chert points have been found along the Algonquin ridge trail (Jay Blair collection).An Archaic tanged spear point of native copper was found near Dunedin (Harman Best collection). The Initial Woodland Period is elsewhere marked by the arrival of pottery, but in the Petun Country only by a scattering of period spear points.There are several examples of side-notched chipped chert Meadowood points in and overlooking the Mad RiverValley in and near Creemore, and further north, and northwest of Duntroon along the trail that had evidently developed along the edge of the Lake Algonquin Beach.The principal Initial Woodland artifact is a drilled slate pick-style bannerstone from near Avening (Garrad 1966). A scattering of undatable ground stone axes occurs on the hills both south and north of the Mad River Valley in the Creemore area.These may belong to the Initial Woodland Period or to the succeeding Ontario Iroquoians. The nearly one thousand years assigned to the Ontario Iroquoians,A.D. 700 to 1651, are subdivided in the Petun Country as follows:Pickering,ca.A.D.700 to 1300;Middleport, ca. A.D. 1300 to ca. 1400; Late Middleport, transitional or Early Iroquoian, ca. A.D. 1400 to 1450; Late Prehistoric: Lalonde, Protohistoric, ca A.D. 1450 to ca. 1580; Petun, ca.A.D. 1580 to 1650. After the departure of the Petuns in A.D. 1650, the land continued to be occupied at least seasonally by historic Algonkian peoples, Odawa and Chippewa. The Pickering subperiod is famously represented in the BeaverValley west of the Petun Country by the first entire clay pot found in Ontario (Garrad 1979a:25,1986b).It is accepted that following the Pickering amalgamation with Glen Meyer (somewhere other than in the Petun Country), there was a uniform, common cultural base across Southern Ontario and part of NewYork State out of which the Middleport stage emerged (Wright 1994: 34-35). Middleport sites, recognised by...

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