Rewriting Marpole: The Path to Cultural Complexity in the Gulf of Georgia

Index

257 INDEX A Abbott, Donald, 42 access to resources, as cause for cultural change, 69, 72f Acheson, Steven, 34, 199 Ainsworth, M., 75 Alpine Tundra zone, map, 11f; rainfall, 20; vegetation, 20, 21–22t; wildlife, 20, 22t Ames, Kenneth, 1, 2, 23, 41, 43, 57, 61, 73, 184, 185, 202 Anderson, Benedict, 38 Anselin, L., 75 Arcas Consulting Archaeologists, 59, 202 Archer, David, 50 Arnold, Jeanne, 2, 41, 71, 207 art, in Charles culture, 53; as evidence of cultural separation, 188–189; in Gulf of Georgia/DCS culture, 60; in Locarno Beach culture, 53, 178–184; in Marpole culture, 57, 178–184; status indications in, 184; variation between Marpole and Locarno Beach cultures, 208–209 artifact, and fauna correlation, 136, 160, 161–163; and language correlation, 136, 160, 161–163, 191–192 artifact classification, distance matrix in primary data, 105–112t; frequencies of primary data, 236–247t; process used on primary data, 97–101; typology, 103–104t artifact types, culture diagnostic traits evaluation, 195–196t; as not diagnostic of culture, 193 B Barnett, Homer, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 59, 60 Baxter, M., 45, 84, 88 Beach Grove subphase, of Marpole phase, 44–47, 47f, 48t, 52f, 144; robusticity of, 137; separation from Garrison subphase, 207–208; separation from Old Musqueam subphase, 207–208 Beattie, Owen, 23, 62, 63, 64, 66, 205 Bentley, R.A., 75 Bigler, B., 8 Binford, Lewis, 76 Blanton, 207 Boas, Franz, 27, 29, 35, 63, 70 Bollong, C.A., 85 Borcard, Daniel, 75, 78, 85 Borden, Charles, 23, 41, 43, 44, 48, 50, 56, 63, 64, 178, 205 Borlund, P., 89 Boserup, Ester, 77 Bouchard, Randall, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29 Bowker Creek subphase, of Locarno Beach phase, 47, 52f, 53; reassignment to Cattle Point subphase, 144–148; robusticity of, 137 Bryan, 41, 43, 59 Burchell, 199, 202 Burgner, Robert, 7, 8, 29, 34 burials. see cairns; mounds Burley, David, 1, 2, 23, 41, 43, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 57, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 69, 85, 97, 197, 200, 201, 205 Burns, 53 C cairns, burial cairn schematic, 186f; in Gulf of Georgia, 185–189, 208; in Locarno Beach culture, 199, 200–201, 208; in Marpole culture, 199, 200–201, 208; site map of burials, 188f Caldwell, Megan, 29 Cannon, Aubrey, 185 Capes, Katherine, 41, 43 Carlson, Roy, 41, 43, 48, 53, 60, 62, 63, 66 Carneiro, Robert, 66 Carter, P.B., 8 Cattle Point culture, definition of, 193–194; as Gulf of Georgia/DCS culture, 200; reassignment of Bowker Creek to, 144; separation of, 148, 167; sites in, 144 Central and Southern Gulf Fishermen, territory of, 33 Central and Southern River Fishermen, connection to Marpole culture, 203; map of, 25f; territory of, 24, 184 258 INDEX Central Coast Salish, connection between Halkomelem groups, 35; fish caught by, 32–33; housing, 31–32; hunting by, 35; languages of, 30; leadership, 35; map of, 24f; salmon fishing, importance of, 32–33; seasonal movement for fishing, 32; social classes, 35; technology of, 34–35; territory of, 30 Charles culture, art in, 53; preceding Locarno Beach culture, 193 Chatters, James, 56 circumscription and conflict, as cause for culture change, 66 Clark (2008) data IDA results, as illustration of method, 79–94 Clark, Terence, 1, 2, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49f, 50f, 52f, 60, 61, 62, 68, 77, 78, 79, 81f, 84f, 85, 85f, 86, 87, 88, 88f, 90, 92f, 93, 93f, 97, 104, 137, 144, 163, 197, 199, 203, 204, 206, 207, 210 Clarke, David, 76 Clarke, K.R., 75 climate, of Gulf of Georgia, 6 climate change, as cause for culture change, 66–68; as explanation of rise in social complexity, 206 Coast Salish, groups defined, 23–39; languages, 27t; prehistoric connection to Kwakwaka’wakw, 23; prehistoric connection to Nuu-chah-nulth, 23; prehistoric connection to Wakashan, 23 Coast Salish First Nations, link to prehistoric Gulf of Georgia groups, 23 Coastal Douglas-Fir zone and Puget Lowland ecozone (CDF/PL), map, 11f; rainfall, 11; vegetation, 11, 12–13t; wildlife, 11, 13–14t Coastal Range ecozone. see Coastal Western Hemlock zone and Coastal Range ecozone (CWH/CR) Coastal Western Hemlock zone and Coastal Range ecozone (CWH/CR), map, 11f; rainfall, 14; vegetation, 14–17, 15–16t; wildlife, 16–17t, 17 coastline terrain, surrounding Gulf of Georgia, 6 Coffin, James, 75 competition, as cause for cultural change, 65, 69–71; as explanation of rise in social complexity, 207, 209 composite toggling harpoon valve (CTHV), as Locarno Beach culture trait, 194...