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On All Frontiers Four Centuries of Canadian Nursing Editors Christina Bates Dianne Dodd Nicole Rousseau Les Presses de I'Universite d'Ottawa University of Ottawa Press CANADIAN MUSEUM MUSEE CANADIEN OF CIVILIZATION DES CIVILISATIONS This book has been published with a financial contribution from the Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. The University of Ottawa Press gratefully acknowledges the support extended to its publishing programme by the Canada Council for the Arts and the University of Ottawa. We also acknowledge with gratitude the support of the Government of Canada through its Book Publishing Industry Development Program for our publishing activities. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication On all frontiers : four centuries of Canadian nursing / editors, Christina Bates, Dianne Dodd, Nicole Rousseau. Co-published by: Canadian Museum of Civilization Corp. Also issued in French under title: Sans frontieres : quatre siecles de soins infirmiers canadiens. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-7766-0591-7 1. Nursing-Canada-History. 2. Nurses-Canada-History. I. Bates, Christina II. Dodd, Dianne E. (Dianne Elizabeth), 1955III . Rousseau, Nicole IV. Canadian Museum of Civilization. RT6.AIO54 2005 61o.73'o971 C2OO5-9O2398-8 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. Copyright clearance available from Access Copyright, 1 Yonge St., Suite 1900, Toronto, Ontario M$E1E$. 416.868.1620 / 1.800.893.5777 / www.accesscopyright.ca. Cover illustrations (top) by Joseph-Charles Franchere, Dr.Hingston and the Operating Room (Hotel Dieu Hospital, Montreal, 1905), courtesy of the Collection of the Hospitalieres de 1'Hotel-Dieu de Montreal; (bottom) Northern Nursing (1990s), reproduced from Health Canada website and Media Photo Gallery, Health Canada, (www.hc-sc.gc.ca), with permission from the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2005. Epigraph quoted from Isabel Huggan's Belonging, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, Toronto, 2003. Copy editing: Trish O'Reilly Cover design, interior design, and typesetting: Dan Sokolowski English translation: Kathe Roth Proofreading: Stephanie VanderMeulen Published by the University of Ottawa Press, 2005 542 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario KiN 6N5 Canada press@uottawa.ca / www.uopress.uottawa.ca© Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, 2005 100 Laurier Street, P.O. Box 3100, Station B, Gatineau, Quebec JX8 4H2 Canada web@civilization.ca / www.civilization.ca Printed and bound in Canada ...

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