A Quarter-Century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization
Evolution and Impact
Publication Year: 1999
Published by: University of Ottawa Press
Cover
Front Matter
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pp. i-v
Table of Contents
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pp. vii-ix
CONTRIBUTORS
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pp. xiii-xiv
Part 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Normalization and Social Role Valorization at a quarter-century: Evolution, impact, and renewal
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pp. 3-13
There can be little doubt of the central importance of Normalization and Social Role Valorization (SRV) principles in shaping human service policies and practices in several fields over the past quarter-century. This has been very much the case in mental retardation and, to a lesser degree, in mental health and aging, as a few...
Part 2: Historical Evolution of Normalization and Social Role Valorization Theory
Chapter 2: How I came to formulate the Normalization principle
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pp. 17-50
In this chapter I will talk about the personal, intellectual, educational, and professional experiences that led me to articulate the principle of Normalization. I have previously discussed this topic elsewhere: in the introduction to the book The Normalization Principle Papers (Nirje, 1992) and in the papers...
Chapter 3: A contribution to the history of Normalization, with primary emphasis on the establishment of Normalization in North America between 1967-1975
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pp. 51-116
In recent years, there have been many references in the literature to the early days of Normalization where the authors cited references that were not from the founding period, but secondary or retrospective ones from the 1980s. Among the reasons people cite post-1980 literature when discussing events that...
Chapter 4:The North American formulation of the principle of Normalization
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pp. 117-123
Bengt Nirje (chapter 2) and Wolf Wolfensberger (chapter 3) presented the historical and conceptual evolution of the principle of Normalization. My assignment from the editors is more narrow, essentially to offer a systematic presentation of the North American...
Chapter 5: An overview of Social Role Valorization
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pp. 125-159
In this chapter, we will present an overview of Social Role Valorization (SRV), including its major implications and its rationales. However, readers should note that this paper does not purport to be the kind of scholarly literature review that would support...
Part 3: Critical Perspectives on Normalization and Social Role Valorization
Chapter 6: Capitalism, disability and ideology: A materialist critique of the Normalization principle
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pp. 163-173
At the outset, I should say two things. I have no particular interest in the history of Normalization and, therefore, I am not attempting to provide a revisionist history of it. Neither do I think that Normalization, nor Social Role Valorization as it has become in its...
Chapter 7: Response to Professor Michael Oliver
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pp. 175-179
(To Professor Oliver:) I have put all my comments about your comments on little red cards. I am well prepared, you see. Would you like to have some? Are they red enough? There are some comments I want to make first, not because they are the most important ones but because...
Chapter 8: The original "Scandinavian" Normalization principle and its continuing relevance for the 1990s
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pp. 181-196
The Normalization principle emerged from Scandinavia in the late 1960s. It was first published and circulated in 1969 (Nirje, 1969). Since then, it has had a profound effect around the world. It has greatly advanced opportunities for all people, including people...
Chapter 9: Are Normalization and Social Role Valorization limited by competence?
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pp. 197-216
We are all familiar with the defining characteristics of Nirje's Normalization. Its superseding principle is attributed by Nirje to Bank-Mikkelsen: "To let the mentally retarded obtain an existence as close to the normal as possible" (Nirje, 1969, p. 181). Corollaries...
Part 4: Links Between Normalization, Social Role Valorization, Social Science Theory, and Empirical Research
Chapter 10: Roles, identities, and expectancies: Positive contributions to Normalization and Social Role Valorization
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pp. 219-240
In 1982, Steve Tullman and Wolf Wolfensberger reformulated the Normalization principle, stating that Normalization hinged upon the attributions of valued social roles to otherwise devalued individuals and classes of people. It was "the insight that the creation...
Chapter 11: Normalization and residential services: The Vermont studies
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pp. 241-270
Normalization has had an immeasurable impact on human services, education, and the social fabric of North America since its introduction 25 years ago. It has revolutionized thinking about service delivery across the entire spectrum of human services...
Chapter 12: Integration of persons with developmental or psychiatric disabilities: Conceptualization and measurement
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pp. 271-303
The integration of people with disabling conditions is a key corollary of Normalization and Social Role Valorization (SRV). Although often imprecisely defined, integration has been a central, even paradigmatic, objective of social policy in many...
Chapter 13: "It does my heart good": How employers perceive supported employees
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pp. 305-316
For most adults in our society, work provides not only economic resources, but also a wide range of noneconomic benefits, including status, self-esteem, a sense of belonging, and self-actualization. Those who do not work are stigmatized, kept poor, and, if considered...
Chapter 14: A comprehensive review of research conducted with the program evaluation instruments PASS and PASSING
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pp. 317-349
Given the international prominence of the principles of Normalization and Social Role Valorization (SRV) in service policy, planning, and practice over the last quarter-century, as attested in many chapters of the present volume, it is not surprising that the main...
Part 5: Dissemination and Impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization Through Training and Education
Chapter 15: Historical background and evolution of Normalization-related and Social Role Valorization-related training
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pp. 353-374
In this paper, I will be speaking primarily about the North American scene, both because (a) that is what I am most familiar with, and (b) historically, many people from other places came to North America to learn Normalization and/or Social Role Valorization...
Chapter 16: Social integration: How do we get there from here? Reflections on Normalization, Social Role Valorization and community education
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pp. 375-384
My first formal exposure to Normalization theory occurred in 1980, when I went to a PASS workshop in Danvers, Massachusetts. At the time, I was founding director of a very small residential agency in western...
Chapter 17: Education in applying the principle of Normalization as a factor in the practical arts of improving services for people with disabilities
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pp. 385-392
In the development of better formal services for socially devalued people, the genius of the principle of Normalization1 flows from the practical interaction of three components. Two of these components are ideas, arising from its definition, and one is educational...
Part 6: International Impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization
Chapter 18: The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in Scandinavia
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pp. 395-406
Examining the impact of one thing upon another is nearly always problematic, as most everything occurs in larger contexts. This is perhaps especially true in the area of societal change. Social phenomena are, of course, a reflection of the larger dynamics of their time...
Chapter 19: The origin of the Normalization principle in Sweden and its impact on legislation today
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pp. 407-410
In Scandinavia we can trace the origin of the Normalization principle back to the middle of the 20th century with the development of services for developmentally disabled persons. A government committee appointed in 1943 to investigate ways of making...
Chapter 20: Social integration in a welfare state: Research from Norway and Sweden
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pp. 411-424
This chapter is concerned with research from Norway and Sweden about persons with developmental impairments and the services they receive. Most research has been related to national reform efforts, particularly in the field of mental retardation, and attempts to evaluate...
Chapter 21:The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in the English-speaking world
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pp. 425-436
The method used in this section to evaluate the impact of Social Role Valorization (SRV) in selected English-speaking countries is to examine whether issues explicitly addressed by the theory have changed in directions consistent with it. Any such changes...
Chapter 22: The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in Canada
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pp. 437-440
This country is vast with 10 provinces and 3 territories having jurisdiction over the organization of social and health services. Over the last 20 years, I have had occasion to visit each of these provinces and to meet many people who have handicaps, their...
Chapter 23: The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in the United Kingdom
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pp. 441-446
This chapter discusses the contributions from Kristjana Kristiansen (chapter 18), Michael Kendrick (chapter 21), and Jacques Pelletier (chapter 25) from the viewpoint of a clinical psychologist from the United Kingdom. Before approaching the main topics...
Chapter 24: Normalization and Social Role Valorization in Australia and New Zealand
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pp. 447-453
Normalization and Social Role Valorization have had a comparatively short history in Australia and New Zealand. There has not been a culture of PASS such as that which influenced policy, practice, and research in North America and the United Kingdom in the 1960s...
Chapter 25: The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization in francophone countries and communities from the late 1960s to the 1990s
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pp. 455-462
Normalization and Social Role Valorization have had varying types and degrees of impacts in francophone countries and communities around the world as an ideology, as a framework for the evaluation and organization of human services, and as...
Chapter 26: The impact of Social Role Valorization on government policy in Quebec
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pp. 463-471
In this brief commentary, I will attempt to describe SRV's influence by the application of its corollaries in the organization of services. This approach will only peripherally call into play the factors that come out of SRV-related evaluation instruments such as PASS...
Part 7: Personal Impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization
Chapter 27: The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization on my life
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pp. 475-476
In 1960, about 10 years before the philosophy of Normalization was developed, I moved to Oxford Regional Centre. I was 21 years old. I had lived at home with my family until then, going to high school, having regular friends, getting into regular trouble...
Chapter 28: The personal impact of Normalization-related and Social Role Valorization-related training
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pp. 477-481
I have been asked to respond to Susan Thomas (chapter 15) and Deborah Reidy (chapter 15) who have written about the impact of Normalization-related and Social Role Valorization-related training as vehicles of personal, service, and policy change, and to do so...
Chapter 29: The impact of Normalization and Social Role Valorization on a state-level practitioner from the USA
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pp. 483-485
I am not a scholar of Normalization or Social Role Valorization (SRV). Nor ami a trainer with knowledge of the enormous variation in awareness of Normalization or SRV in the various states of the United States. I can speak only as a practitioner, and a...
Part 8: The Future
Chapter 30: Concluding reflections and a look ahead into the future for Normalization and Social Role Valorization
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pp. 489-504
In my opening chapter (chapter 3), I spoke about the past, which is much safer than speaking about the future, especially when one owns one of the most extensive historical archives in private possession in one's field. It is much riskier to boast about owning...
Part 9: Appendix
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pp. 505-547
Part 10: Indexes
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pp. 549-571
E-ISBN-13: 9780776615301
E-ISBN-10: 0776615300
Print-ISBN-13: 9780776604855
Print-ISBN-10: 0776604856
Page Count: 571
Publication Year: 1999
Series Title: NONE
