Evolution's Wedge: Competition and the Origins of Diversity

Title Page, Series Page, Copyright

Evolution’s WEdgE Organisms and EnvirOnmEnts Harry W. greene, Consulting Editor 1. The View from Bald Hill: Thirty Years in an Arizona Grassland, by Carl E. Bock and Jane H. Bock 2. Tupai: A Field Study of Bornean Treeshrews, by Louise H. Emmons 3. Singing the Turtles to Sea: The Comcáac (Seri) Art and Science of Reptiles, by gary Paul nabhan 4. Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California, Including Its Pacific Islands and the Islands in the Sea of Cortés, by L. Lee grismer 5. Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity, by Eric r. Pianka and Laurie J. vitt 6. American Bison: A Natural History, by dale F. Lott 7. A Bat Man in the Tropics: Chasing El Duende, by theodore H. Fleming 8. Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America, by Paul s. martin 9. Biology of Gila Monsters and Beaded Lizards, by daniel d. Beck 10. Lizards in the Evolutionary Tree, by Jonathan B. Losos 11. Grass: In Search of Human Habitat, by Joe C. truett, with a foreword by Harry W. greene 12. Evolution’s Wedge: Competition and the Origins of Diversity, by david W. Pfennig and Karin s. Pfennig Evolution’s WEdgE Competition and the Origins of Diversity david W. Pfennig Karin s. Pfennig University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London The publisher graTefully acknowledges The generous supporT of The general endowmenT fund of The universiTy of california press foundaTion. University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United states, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. Organisms and Environments, no. 12 University of California Press Berkeley and Los angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England© 2012 by the regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Pfennig, david W. (david William), 1955– Evolution’s wedge : competition and the origins of diversity / david W. Pfennig, Karin s. Pfennig. p. cm. — (Organisms and environments ; no. 12) includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-520-27418-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. divergence (Biology) 2. Competition (Biology) 3. animal diversity. i. Pfennig, Karin s. (Karin susan), 1969– ii. title. Qh408.p44 2012 577.8'3—dc23 2012009564 manufactured in the United states of america 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 the paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso Z39.48-1992 (r 2002) (Permanence of Paper). 8 Cover illustration: Pencil and watercolor sketches of beetles by Henry Walter Bates. © the natural History museum, London. ...