Molecular Panbiogeography of the Tropics

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Molecular Panbiogeography of the Tropics Heads_6480007_FM.indd i Heads_6480007_FM.indd i 10/20/11 2:39 PM 10/20/11 2:39 PM SPECIES AND SYSTEMATICS www.ucpress.edu/go/spsy The Species and Systematics series will investigate fundamental and practical aspects of systematics and taxonomy in a series of comprehensive volumes aimed at students and researchers in systematic biology and in the history and philosophy of biology. The book series will examine the role of descriptive taxonomy, its fusion with cyber-infrastructure, its future within biodiversity studies, and its importance as an empirical science. The philosophical consequences of classification, as well as its history, will be among the themes explored by this series, including systematic methods, empirical studies of taxonomic groups, the history of homology, and its significance in molecular systematics. Editor in Chief: Malte C. Ebach (University of New South Wales, Australia) Editorial Board Sandra Carlson (University of California, Davis, USA) Marcelo R. de Carvalho (University of São Paulo, Brazil) Darren Curnoe (University of New South Wales, Australia) Christina Flann (Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, The Netherlands) Anthony C. Gill (University of Sydney, Australia) Lynne R. Parenti (Smithsonian Institution, USA) Olivier Rieppel (The Field Museum, Chicago, USA) John S. Wilkins (University of Sydney, Australia) Kipling Will (University of California, Berkeley, USA) David M. Williams (The Natural History Museum, London, UK) René Zaragüeta i Bagils (University of Paris 6, France) University of California Press Editor: Charles R. Crumly Heads_6480007_FM.indd ii Heads_6480007_FM.indd ii 10/20/11 2:39 PM 10/20/11 2:39 PM UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley • Los Angeles • London Molecular Panbiogeography of the Tropics Michael Heads Heads_6480007_FM.indd iii Heads_6480007_FM.indd iii 10/20/11 2:39 PM 10/20/11 2:39 PM University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. Species and Systematics, Vol. 4 For online version, see www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England© 2012 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heads, Michael J. Molecular panbiogeography of the tropics / Michael Heads. p. cm.—(Species and systematics; v. 4) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-520-27196-8 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Biogeography—Tropics. 2. Biology— Classification—Molecular aspects. 3. Variation (Biology)—Tropics. I. Title. QH84.5.H43 2012 578.01'2—dc23 2011016690 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).∞ Cover photograph: Mist rising from the Borneo rainforest. Photo by Rhett A. Butler, mongabay.com. Heads_6480007_FM.indd iv Heads_6480007_FM.indd iv 10/20/11 2:39 PM 10/20/11 2:39 PM ...