Fabricating Consumers: The Sewing Machine in Modern Japan

Notes

229 Notes Preface 1. On the “special resonance and potency” of home sewing in Britain and North America, see Barbara Burman,“Introduction,” in The Culture of Sewing: Gender, Consumption and Home Dressmaking, ed. Barbara Burman (Oxford: Berg, 1999), p. 5. 2. Letter to author, from Professor Kinoshita Jun, April 23, 2003. 3. Here and throughout the book, Japanese names are written as in Japan: the family name precedes the given name. Names of Japanese American scholars are written with given name first. Introduction 1. Kawasaki rOdO shi hensan iinkai, ed., Kawasaki rOdO shi, p. 200, citing a March 1950 survey prepared by ROdO igaku shinrigaku kenky[jo. 2. I am much indebted to Louise Young for suggesting this. 3. The survey was conducted by the Ministry of Labor, Women and Minors Section. ROdO shO, fujin shOnen kyoku, KOjO rOdOsha seikatsu no chOsa (Tokyo: ROdO shO, fujin shOnen kyoku, 1952), p. 85 for the time-use data; p. 36 for machine ownership rates. 4. Karl Marx, Capital (New York: Charles H. Kerr, 1921), vol. 1, pp. 516–18. 5. Mohandas Gandhi, All Men Are Brothers: Life and Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi as Told in His Own Words, ch. 7,“Man and Machine,” www.mkgandhi .org/amabrothers/chap07.htm (accessed 3/14/2011). 6. Marx, Communist Manifesto (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1906), p. 17. 7. Gandhi, All Men Are Brothers, ch. 7. 8. Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance through Twen- tieth Century Europe (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005), pp. 7–8, 205–9. 9. Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), pp. 17, 32. See also C. A. Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World, 1780–1914 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004), pp. 1–2. 10. Film version of Madame Butterfly, directed by Frédéric Mitterrand (Columbia Tristar Home Video, 1997). 11. Tim Putnam,“The Sewing Machine Comes Home,” pp. 269–70; see also Nicholas Oddy, “Beautiful Ornament in the Parlour or Boudoir: The Domestication of the Sewing Machine,” p. 295, both in Burman, Culture of Sewing, on its impact on the design of numerous other appliances. 12. GaimushO kiroku, “HonpO ni okeru rOdO sOgi kankei zakken: ‘Shing1 mishin’ kaisha kankei,” p. 255 (“Statement” submitted to T. Taketomi, in charge of Foreign Trade, Foreign Office, Kasumigaseki,Tokyo, 11/12/1932). Held in National Archives of Japan, Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, Tokyo. 13. Penelope Francks,“Inconspicuous Consumption: Sake, Beer, and the Birth of the Consumer in Japan,” Journal of Asian Studies 68, no. 1 (February 2009): 135–60. 1. Meiji Machines 1. Donald R. Bernard, The Life and Times of John Manjiro (New York: McGraw Hill, 1992), and Christopher Benfey, The Great Wave: Gilded Age Mis- fits, Japanese Eccentrics, and the Opening of Old Japan (New York: Random House, 2003); ch. 1 narrates Manjiro’s tale. 2.“They Inspect Wheeler and Wilson’s Sewing Machine,” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, June 9, 1860, p. 27. 3. Bernard, John Manjiro, p. 199. 4.Yoshida Gen,“Nihon saihO mishin shi zakkO,”Mishin sangyO, 100 (1967): pp. 1–10. 5. Bernard, John Manjiro, p. 128. 6. Both ads are held in the Smithsonian Archives Center,Warshaw Collection, “Sewing Machines,” box 5, folder 2. 7. Benfey, Great Wave, pp. 39–40, cites the diary of Francis Hall, who records a conversation with Manjiro about his mother’s reaction. 8. Liza Crihfield Dalby, Kimono: Fashioning Culture (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993), p. 10. 9. Nakayama Chiyo, Nihon fujin yOsO shi (Tokyo: Yoshikawa kObunkan, 1897), pp. 298–323. 10. C. A. Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World, 1780–1914 (Oxford: Blackwell , 2004), pp. 12–13. 11. Basil Hall Chamberlain, Things Japanese (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1891), p. 1. 12. Robert Bruce Davies, Peacefully Working to Conquer the World: Singer Sewing Machines in Foreign Markets, 1854–1920 (New York: Arno Press, 1976), ch. 4. 230 | Notes to Chapter One 13. Nira Wickramasinghe, “The Reception of the Singer Sewing Machine in Colonial Ceylon/Sri Lanka,” unpublished paper presented at Princeton University , Davis Center, March 27, 2009, p. 20. 14. For sales data, see “Notes on China and Japan,” June 1, 1884, and undated “Summary of Business, China and Japan 1882–1886.” On Sang’s alleged theft, see “Letter from Mitchell to London Office,” June 1, 1888. All three items held in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Madison, WI, Singer...