Epigenetics: Linking Genotype and Phenotype in Development and Evolution

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EpigEnEtics This page intentionally left blank EpigEnEtics Linking Genotype and Phenotype in Development and Evolution edited by Benedikt Hallgrímsson and Brian k. Hall unIveRsITy of cAlIfoRnIA PRess Berkeley los Angeles london University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England© 2011 by the Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hallgrímsson, Benedikt. Epigenetics : linking genotype and phenotype in development and evolution / Edited by Benedikt Hallgrímsson and Brian K. Hall. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-520-26709-1 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Phenotype. 2. Epigenesis. 3. Genetic regulation. 4. Developmental genetics. 5. Evolutionary genetics. I. Hall, Brian Keith, 1941- II. Title. QH438.5.H35 2010 576.5’3—dc22 2010030921 Manufactured in the United States 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). ∞ Jacket illustrations, clockwise from top: coronal sections through the internasal suture of pigs, by A.K. Burn, modified; computer simulation of the reaction–diffusion wave, by Shigeru Kondo and Rihito Asai, reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd; beach sand under a rivulet of water, by Ellen W. Larsen; Oliva porphyria, © Scott Camazine; Pomacanthus semicirculatus, by Shigeru Kondo and Rihito Asai, reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd. ...