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Chapter 35 Discourse on Malaria 35-200-2 Huang Di asked: “now, all [cases of] jie and malaria are generated by wind.1 Their collecting and being active occurs at [specific] times.2 Why?” Qi Bo responded: “When malaria begins to break out, it first emerges from the finest body hair. [The patient] stretches and yawns and then [the disease] is active. [The patient] shivers from cold and his jaws chatter.3 Both the lower back and the spine experience pain. When the cold leaves, then [the patient feels] hot everywhere in the inner and outer [regions of his body]. 1 SWJZ: “痎 is malaria breaking out every second day.” yang shangshan: “When it breaks out once every second day, this is called 痎. as for 瘧, [this term refers in] the present classic only to a disease that breaks out in autumn after one has been harmed by summerheat in summer. sometimes it is called 痎, sometimes it is only called 瘧. It must not break out each day, or every second day to be defined as 痎. only when its appearance differs in the course of the four seasons, then this is considered 痎.” Wang Bing: “痎 is identical with 老, ‘old’ (in the sense of ‘chronic disease’). It is also [identical with] 瘦, ‘emaciated.’ ”Zhang Jiebin: “痎 is 皆, ‘all.’ Malaria manifests itself in many conditions, all together they are called 痎瘧.” Wu Kun: “痎 is malaria, too. When the disease [manifests itself] during nighttime,this is called 痎; when [it manifests itself] during daytime, this is called 瘧.The Fang yan 方言 says 痎市 instead of 夜市, ‘night market.’ This is based on that [meaning of the term].” Gao shishi: “痎 is 陰瘧, ‘yin [type] malaria.’ 瘧 is yang [type] malaria.” 1940/41: “Su wen 2 has 痎瘧; Su wen 35 has 痎瘧.Both characters are interchangeable...also,Ling shu 79 discusses 瘧 many times, but it never uses the term 痎.The Jia yi jing, in ch. 7, quoting Su wen 35 夫痎瘧者皆生于風, states 瘧疾皆生于風.This shows that the meaning expressed by means of 瘧 in the Ling shu and in the Jia yi jing is identical with that expressed by means of 痎瘧 in the Su wen.”The Jia yi jing has: 其以日作以時發何也, ‘why is it that they are active each day, that their outbreak occurs in [specific] seasons?’ ” 2 Wu Kun: “蓄 is: the disease rests; the evil lies hidden. 作 is: the disease breaks out; the evil moves.” 3 Wang Bing: “慄 is to say 戰慄, ‘trembling with fear.’ 鼓 is to say 振動, ‘to shake.’ ” 536 Huang Di nei jing su wen His head aches as if it [were about to] burst. He is thirsty and longs for cold beverages.” 35-200-5 [Huang] Di: “Which qi causes this to be so; I should like to hear its Way.” Qi Bo: “yin and yang [qi] rise and descend, interacting in struggle.4 Depletion and repletion occur alternately. The yin [qi] and the yang [qi] move into each other‘s [section]. When the yang [qi] collects in the yin [section], then the yin [section] has a repletion, while the yang [section] is depleted. When the yang brilliance is depleted, then one shivers from cold and the jaws chatter.5 When the great yang is depleted, then the lower back and the backbone, as well as the head and the nape have pain.6 When all three yang are depleted, then the yin qi dominates. When the yin qi dominates, then the bones are cold and ache. The cold is generated inside. 4 Wang Bing: “The yang qi moves down; when it has reached the extreme end it rises [again.] The yin qi moves upwards; when it has reached the extreme end it descends [again]. Hence [the text] states: ‘yin and yang rise and descend, interacting in struggle.’ ” 5 Wang Bing: “‘The yang collects in the yin’ is to say: yang qi enters the yin section. The yang brilliance [conduit] is the stomach vessel. It .. passes along the jaws .. Hence when its qi is insufficient, then [the patient] has an aversion to cold. He trembles and his jaws chatter.” Zhang Zhicong: “When the evil and the guard qi accumulate internally, then the qi of the three yang collects in the yin [section]. When it collects in the yin [section], then the yin [section] is replete inside, while the yang [section] is depleted in the outside. The qi of the yang brilliance [conduit] rules the muscles and the flesh and [its] conduit vessels meet below the jaws. Hence [the patient] ‘trembles with cold and his jaws chatter.’ ” 6 Wang Bing: “The great yang [conduit] is the bladder vessel. Its vessel originates...

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