Index
Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. 345 Afghans: conquest of Isfahan, 21, 97, 119, 202, 203, 213, 219, 224, 298n8, 303n22; New Julfa under, 203, 204, 219; taxation of Julfans, 203, 298n8 Agamal, Nazar, 61 Agazar (merchant), sanctioning of, 179 Agha di Matos, 158 Agha di Matus (of Tabriz), 181, 262n65; commenda contract of, 266n112; murder of, 262n67; tomar of, 280n36 aghas (money lenders), 124, 217 Aghassian, Michel, 239n62 Aghaval, Mahdas: will of, 23, 239n2 Agra, Armenian merchants of, 47, 247n13, 248n15 Agulis: Armenian merchants from, 178; kadkhudas of, 191 Ahmad Pasha (governor of Baghdad), 276n94 Ahmad Shah Durrani, 224 Akbar the Great, 31; Armenian merchants under, 47, 248n13; revolt against, 243n52 akhtibar (honor), 180; loss of, 183. See also reputation Aleppo: Armenian cemetery of, 27–28; economic rise of, 67; Julfan community at, 27–28, 67–68, 258n3; silk trade in, 67, 68, 242n44 Alessandri, Vincenzo degli, 28, 241n38 ‘Abbas I, Shah: administrative reforms of, 30–31, 243n54; caravan routes under, 220; destruction of Old Julfa, 34; farmans on Julfans, 36– 38, 250n42; forced migrations under, 235n1; ghulam policy of, 31; Julfans’ service to, 38– 39; Julfans under, 32, 185; negotiations with Venice, 38; resettlement of Julfans, 1, 3, 23, 32, 33–37, 41, 48, 216, 233, 244n72; retreat from Old Julfa, 26; in Safavid-Ottoman conflict , 32–35, 244n72; silk trade under, 31–32, 37, 38, 42, 216, 246n87; state formation under, 30; trade initiatives of, 3. See also Safavid dynasty ‘Abbas II, Shah: expansion of New Julfa, 39; Julfan decline under, 203 Abraham, Paron, 278n103 Abrahamyan, A.D., 247n2, 253n74 Abu-l-Fazl, Akbarnama, 248n13 Acapulco, Julfan merchants at, 62, 282n61 accounting, double-entry, 19, 126; Julfan use of, 20; origin of, 279n24 accounting, Julfan, 20, 98, 148; by commenda agents, 128, 176, 198, 219; ledgers, 126, 128; merchants’ training in, 137. See also kata ruznamas (ledgers) Acharian, Hrachia, 236n15 Adil Shah: ascent to throne, 97; New Julfa under, 209, 270n34, 299n33 Alexei Mikhaylovich, Czar: Julfan gift to, 82, 83, 150 Alexevich (czar of Russia), agreement with Julfans, 145 Ali Qoli Khan. See Adil Shah Alishan, Ghevont, 240nn9–10, 259n29; on Old Julfa, 241nn23,26, 244n73; on Venice, 28, 259n39, 260n42, 294n116 All Savior’s Monastery (New Julfa): architecture of, 175; Archive of, xvii–xviii, 21, 102, 187, 189, 293n104; construction of, 40; information flow from, 182; merchant school at, 136–37, 268n15; missions of, 182; religious jurisdiction of, 52, 55, 212, 251n49, 252n51 Alpoyachian, Arshak, 247n2 amanatkars (commission agencies), 282n64 Amasya, treaty of (1555), 26 Amirbek di Vardan, 102, 273n65 Amsterdam: commercial importance of, 227; connection to New Julfa, 80; dissident minorities in, 79; Julfan community in, 79–80, 264n102, 265nn107–8, 269n21, 294n116; jumiat of, 192, 295n119; as regional center, 211; Sephardic community of, 227 Anderson, Benedict, 17 Angeles, F. Delor, 257n119 Arakelian, H., 241n29 Arakel of Tabriz, 32–33, 34, 36 Arasaratnam, Sinnappah, 198 Aras River, at Old Julfa, 26, 29, 35 architecture, Julfan, 175 Archivio di Stato di Firenze (ASFi), xvii, 21, 73, 261n54 Archivio di Stato di Venezia (ASV), xvii, 21, 157, 190 Arithmetic, merchants’ training in, 137. See also accounting Armenia, Cicilian: collapse of, 68; relations with Venice, 71, 125, 259n29 Armenia, classical: aristocracy of, 148 Armenian Gregorian Church: correspondence of, 110; diocesan headquarters of, 40, 52, 177, 182, 246n101; East India Company and, 49; excommunication from, 110, 276n93; marriage restrictions of, 155n15; merchants’ relationship with, 75; relations with Roman Catholics, 62–63, 151; role in information flow, 181, 182–83; sanctions by, 182; services in private homes, 50, 249n33. See also All Savior’s Monastery; churches, Armenian Armenian language: alphabet of, 269n21; dialects of, 236n15; transliteration of, xix–xx. See also Julfan dialect Armenians: in Burmese politics, 253n66; converts to Islam, 30, 42, 203; ghulam, 30, 34, 38, 42; Ottoman subjects, 73, 76, 77, 178; of Umayyad dynasty, 125. See also Julfans; merchants, Armenian; merchants, Julfan Armenis, Antoine, 75 Ascoli, Giuseppe da, 252n58 Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard, 243n52 Ashraf, Shah: embassy to Ottomans (1725), 118, 204, 277n99 Ashul Khan, government of New Julfa, 208–9 Assembly of Merchants (New Julfa), 18, 41, 148, 212; adjudication of commercial disputes, 176, 194–95, 219, 230; information flow from, 182, 193; jumiats and, 193, 194–95, 196, 197, 199; Minasian family and, 290n52; petitions to, 188–90, 276n90, 280n30, 293nn104,106; ratification of documents, 189–90, 193, 196– 97; regulation of commenda agents, 289n52; sanctions by, 196; Scerimans in, 164; taxation decisions of, 292n82; treaties of, 145– 46; workings of, 187...
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