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ix MAPS 1. Historical expansion of Islam xxi 2. Sites of the author’s research xxii MUSICAL EXAMPLES 1. Transcription in musical notation of recitation taught by Maria Ulfah 103 2. Arab musical modes (maqamat) used in Maria Ulfa’s recitation 110 FIGURES 1. Counting ballots on election day, North Sumatra, 1999 7 2. Ibrahim Hosen and Maria Ulfah, spring 1996 29 3. Young boys at a children’s religious festival, Jakarta, 1999 31 4. Performance with Maria Ulfah and female colleagues, Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng, East Java, 2004 33 5. Teenage boys at the Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ), Jakarta, 1999 47 6. Ahmad Syahid with a youngster at Pondok Pesantren al-Qur’an al-Falah, West Java, 1999 57 7. Panoramic view of Pondok Pesantren al-Qur’an al-Falah II (rural campus), West Java, 1999 60 8. Pak Cacep teaching using a poster of the mouth, West Java, 1999 84 9. Pak Moersjied teaching at the Institut Ilmu al-Qur’an 87 Illustrations x Illustrations 10. Reproduction of chart from Guide to the Melodies for Qur’anic Recitation 93 11. Maria Ulfah training contestants from Semarang 97 12. Contestants in training from Semarang 98 13. Mesjid Istiqlal from the Monas Monument in Medan Merdeka 129 14. Billboard for Seleksi Tilawatil Qur’an, Jakarta, 1999 138 15. Yusnar Yusuf judges lagu dan suara (melody and voice) 143 16. Minbar and stage at the Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ), Palangkaraya, Kalimantan, 2003 153 17. Gambus group al-Mahran in rehearsal 179 18. Women’s qasida rebana group from East Java 182 19. Qasida rebana group Ash-Sham-Sul, Palu, Sulawesi, 2003 183 20. Qasida contest at Pondok Pesantren Darunajah, Jakarta 187 21. Cassette cover of Nur Asiah Djamil and her group Nada Sahara 193 22. Kiai Kanjeng in performance, Yogyakarta, Java 201 23. Gathering of women’s organizations, Jakarta, 1999 224 24. Dharma wanita (wives’ organization) of Indonesian expatriates, Manila, Philippines 232 25. Maria Ulfah and two colleagues 238 ...

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