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473 index Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate a figure; page numbers followed by n indicate a note; page numbers followed by t indicate a table. American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM), 251, 258, 417 American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), 13 American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB), 255, 417 AMP. See Albany Midwifery Practice (AMP) analgesic drugs, 224, 281 Anderson, Charlie, 239 ANS. See Agencia Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) antenatal groups, 144, 151, 153, 157, 189 antibiotics: intrapartum, 9 APGAR. See Asociacíon de Parteras de Guanajuato (APGAR) Aragon, Jesucita, 244 Araújo, Dr. Galba de, 393–394 Araújo, Edilsa Pinheiro, 396 ARM. See Association of Radical Midwives (ARM) Asociacíon de Parteras de Guanajuato (APGAR), 324 Association for Improvements in Maternity Services (AIMS), 143 Association of Radical Midwives (ARM), 143 Australia, 17, 19, 124, 251; St George Hospital, 187–212 Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative, 444 Ballard, Martha, 416 AABC. See American Association of Birth Centers (AABC) Aboriginal Indians, midwifery among, 103–104 Abreu, Isa Paula Hamouche, 21 acetaminophen, 281 ACNM. See American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) ACOG. See American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) Active Birth Movement, 143 Afghanistan, 360 Africa, 340, 343 Afsana, Kaosar, 7 Agencia Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), 404 Aiavao, Fulisia, 123 AIMS. See Association for Improvements in Maternity Services Albany Midwifery Practice (AMP), 18, 449–450; evaluation of, 151–153; feedback on the service, 153; history of the practice, 142–146; as a model, 146–151; results achieved, 156–157; statistical outcomes, 154–156 Allen, Denise Roth, 7 AMCB. See American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB) American Association of Birth Centers (AABC), 266n9 474 index Bangladesh, indigenous women, 5–6 Barajas, Dr. Enrique Ruelas Barajas, 332–334, 334n15 Barclay, Lesley, 198, 453–454 Barry, Paula, 14 Bastien, Alison, 314–315, 327 Bauer, Melissa, 258, 259 Baul, Mary Ann, 259 Belíndia, 388 “Birth Book,” 134 Birth in the Squatting Position (Paciornik), 393 birth models, working, 1–23; accreditation, 249; CenteringPregnancy® , 365–384; characteristics of, 1–3, 22–23; cost of overintervention, 8–10; in developing nations, 20–21; health care system resources effects on, 15–16; hospital practitioners effects on, 13–15; local models, 18–20; national and regional models, 17–18; out-of-hospital practitioners effects on, 10–13; starting the birth center, 242–245; teaching model, 245–247; women in highresource countries effect on, 8; women in low-resource countries effect on, 5–7; women’s birth experiences effects on, 3–5; working models, 21–22. See also Albany Midwifery Practice (AMP); Japan; New Zealand; the Netherlands birth place: choice of, 98, 107, 147–148, 154–155; first visit to, 170; funding, 247–251; outcome, 294t; social capital and, 178–180; starting the birth center, 242–245; trends in, 154f, 214f. See also maternity homes Birth Reborn (Odent), 277 births: activists of, 298–299, 443; birthing centers outcomes, 311–312; changing, 393–398; as a family event, 227; holistic model, 444; home outcomes, 294t; hospital outcomes, 282t; humanistic and holistic models of, 456–460; humanization of, 298–301, 385–314; importance of waiting for baby during delivery, 223–224; normal, 155, 446– 447; practices of, 131–135; providers, 70t; technocratic, humanistic, and holistic models of medicine, 456–460 Birth Talk, 147, 150–151 birth weight, 353t Bolanos, Carolina Alcocer, 312 Book of the Midwife (Grupo Curumim), 400 Branford General Hospital, 104 Brazil, 17; caesarean culture, 392–393; caesarian section in, 274–276; humanizing childbirth, 385–414; public policies of childbirth in, 402 403f; resources, health status, and type of maternity care by region, 389t; seminars, 406t–408t; teamwork birth center model, 271–304 Brazilian Association of Midwives and Obstetric Nurses, 395 Brazilian Federation of the Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 386, 395 Brazilian Healthcare System (SUS), 387–388 Brazilian Network for the Humanization of Childbirth—ReHuNa, 386, 393 breastfeeding, 156, 353t, 356, 378–379, 444; support for, 104 Brodie, Pat, 198 The Business of Being Born, 15 Byford, Julia, 6–7 caesarean section (CS), 155, 155f; in Brazil, 10, 274–276; in Japan, 216–219, 235n5, 236n12; in Latin America, 10; outcomes, 282t, 294t; rates, 275, 311–312, 332n11, 385–386, 389t; vaginal births after, 231; viewed as surgery, 219; WHO’s statement on, 9 Canada, 17; infant mortality rates, 36t; Ontario midwifery model of care, 89–117 Canadian Association of Midwives, 12 cardiotocograph, electronic fetal monitor (CTG), 37–38 care: characteristics of, 352t–353t; continuity, 98, 196, 449–451; holistic model of...

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