The Queen of Fats: Why Omega-3s Were Removed from the Western Diet and What We Can Do to Replace Them

INDEX

INDEX acetaminophen, 101 acetic acid, 4, 31 Ackman, Robert, 57, 86, 89, 174n acronyms, 7n Acta Chemica Scandinavia, 39 activation energy, 195n acyltransferases, 97–99, 159 adipose fat, 151, 182–83n, 197–98n aflatoxins, 87 Africa, 79, 87–91, 113–14 aging populations, 47–48, 150 Ahrens, Ed, 50–51, 177n Ålborg (Denmark), 15, 17 alcohol use, 150 algae, 111, 119, 140, 188–89n alpha linolenic acid (ALA), 3–7, 7n, 159, 159; Burrs’ research on, 29, 173–74n; Crawford’s research on, 92–94, 183n, 196–97n; in cuisine, 70, 71; Dyerberg and Bang’s research on, 55; Florant’s research on, 123; and food-processing techniques , 105, 107, 187n; Holman ’s research on, 31, 33–35, 37–40, 42, 76, 82–83, 85, 132; in human breast milk, 185–86n; and Israeli paradox, 187–88n; and metabolic rivalry, 112, 117, 118; and nutritional guidelines, 139, 141, 144; in plants, 94, 109–10, 183n; Simopoulos’s research on, 108–11; in soybean and canola oils, 10–11, 171n; Sprecher’s research on, 86; Storlien’s research on, 132 alpha lipoproteins. See HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) American Heart Association, 2, 115, 141n American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 82 American Oil Chemists Society, 78 amine groups, 72, 198n 205 Italicized page numbers refer to figures. 206 INDEX amino acids, 28, 88 anchovies, 109 Anderson, Robert, 91, 156 Anderson, V. D., 153 angina pectoris, 14, 47 animal fats, 51, 69, 72, 89–90, 107, 182–83nn, 187–88n, 192–93n anorexia nervosa, 78 anti-inflammatory drugs, 101–2 anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil, 192–93n antioxidants, 71, 94, 139, 150, 159, 192–93n Appleby, Dorena, 181–82n. See also Strobel, Dorena aquatic plants, 7, 109, 139–40 arachidic acid, 23 arachidonic acid, 6, 7n, 159–60; Burrs’ research on, 28, 173–74n; Carlson’s research on, 185–86n; Crawford’s research on, 88, 90–93, 95, 196–97n; in cuisine, 71; Dyerberg and Bang’s research on, 23, 25, 62–64; as formula supplement, 95, 185–86n; Hibbeln and Stoll’s research on, 189–90n; Holman’s research on, 33, 35–39, 43, 77–78, 175n; and inflammatory index, 150; Lands’s research on, 97–100; and metabolic rates, 127; and metabolic rivalry, 112–13; and nutritional guidelines , 144; Storlien’s research on, 132; on time line, 154–55 Archer Daniels Midland Company, 154 “Are Our Cows Killing Us?” (Crawford), 89 aroma molecules, 68 arrhythmia, 66, 115–16, 148, 157, 160 arthritis, 8, 87, 100, 102, 119, 156 artificial insemination, 60, 154 aspirin, 61, 100–101, 179n asthma, 102 AstraZeneca, 135 astronauts, 127 atherosclerosis, 49, 55, 58, 64, 87, 89, 121, 156 athletes, 12, 172n Atkins diet, 1–2, 68, 135, 198n ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 124 attention deficit disorder, 114 Australian scientists, 123–33, 133n, 135, 157, 172n bad fats, 51 bananas, 88 Bang, Hans Olaf (“H.O.”): and Greenland studies, 15–23, 25, 53–60, 62, 65–67, 80, 113, 150; research on thromboxanes, 99; and Storlien’s diabetes research, 129–30; on time line, 155–56 Bassett Research Institute (Cooperstown , N.Y.), 121, 122, 189–90n Baylor College of Medicine, 91 beechnuts, 141 beef, 100, 109, 142–43 Bergström, Sune, 34, 60–61, 63, 76–77, 98, 100, 155–56 beriberi, 136 beta-lipoproteins. See LDLs (lowdensity lipoproteins) Bextra, 101 Bibus, Doug, 151 Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 60 Biological Reviews, 135 bipolar disorder, 114, 157, 189–90n INDEX 207 bison, 142–43 Blask, David, 189–90n bleeding time, 20, 65–67, 113 blood pressure, 53, 66, 148 blubber, 14, 18, 68–69, 155 Blue Band margarine, 64 bottle-fed infants, 35–36, 77, 92–95, 185–86n bowed legs, 87 brain tissues: and arachidonic acid, 78, 90, 92; and cholesterol, 52; Crawford’s research on, 90–93, 125, 127, 155, 184–85n, 194–95n; and DHA, 6, 8, 12, 32, 78, 90–93, 127; Hibbeln and Stoll’s research on, 189–90n; and nutritional guidelines, 141, 198n; and phospholipids, 97; and protection from seasonal change, 120; on time line, 155 brain vs. body size, 89–90 Brazil nuts, 142 breast cancer, 114, 189–90n breast-feeding, 92, 94–95, 141, 144, 185–86n. See also nursing mothers British Medical Journal, 179–80n broccoli, 108 Brown, Bob, 107 Brown, William Redman, 29 Bugandans, 87–88 Burr, George, 27–31, 33–35, 38, 58, 63, 77, 83, 133, 154, 173–74n Burr...