Index 277 ‘Abada, ‘Abd al-Fattah, 127–29 ‘Abbas Hilmi II (khedive), 108, 151 ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Ibn Sa‘ud (king of Saudi Arabia), 204, 206, 211 ‘Abd al-Hamid, Zaynab, 170 ‘Abd al-Malik, Balsam, 86–87, 94, 118, 150–51, 172. See also al-Mar’a alMisriyya ‘Abd al-Nabi, Ahmad, 191–92 ‘Abd al-Rahman, ‘Aisha (“Bint alShati ’”), 202, 207 ‘Abd al-Rahman, Muhammad Sadiq, 202 ‘Abduh, Muhammad, 139, 196 Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman sultan), 5, 24, 84 Abu Isba‘a, ‘Attiya, 110, 120, 167–68 Abu-Lughod, Lila, 32 Abu Naddara (satirical weekly), 58–62 actresses, 100, 200. See also al-Yusuf, Fatima Aden, Zaghlul exiled to, 143 adoption, Islam and, 138 al-‘Afaf (women’s journal), 36, 200 ‘Afifi, Shaykh ‘Abd Allah, 205 Ahmad, Ihsan, 120, 146, 169, 171, 175 Ahmad, Labiba, 12; in collective memory , 219; final years/death of, 211–12; hajj (pilgrimages) of, 206–7; Islamist political activism of, 189–90, 208–11, 252n46; and “ladies’ demonstrations ,” 111; and legalized prostitution , 51; marriage of, 192; memoirs of, 190, 211; middle-class origins of, 191–92; and al-Nahda al-Nisa’iyya, 199–206, 215; and national honor, 54; as photographer, 91; photographs of, 87, 190–91, 191, 193, 207; radio broadcasts of, 207–8; on Safiyya Zaghlul, 147–48; and Society of Egyptian Ladies’ Awakening, 195–99; unveiling of, 199; and Wafd, 194–95; and Watani Party, 37, 189–90, 192–94, 195; and women’s political culture, 80, 212–13; and Women’s Wafd, 195. See also al-Nahda alNisa ’iyya; Society of Egyptian Ladies’ Awakening Ahmad, Muhammad (Mahdi), 25 Ahmad, Yusuf, 203 Ahmed, Leila, 32, 243n44 al-Ahram (newspaper): circulation of, 92; on “ladies’ demonstrations,” 109, 124; Munira Thabit at, 178, 180; photographs of Queen Nazli in, 245n2; on Safiyya Zaghlul, 160; Syrians and founding of, 28; on Zaghlul’s attempted assassination, 151 al-Akhbar (newspaper), 90 al-Akhwat al-Muslimat. See Muslim Sisters Alexandria, 74, 169–70 Algeria, women and nationalist movement in, 8–9 Allenby, Edmund, 141, 142–43, 146, 171, 174–75 al-Amal (women’s weekly), 178–79 Amateur Photography (Hamdi), 92 Page numbers in italics indicate figures. Amin, Ahmad, 115 Amin, Muhammad, 33 Amin, Qasim: in collective memory, 117; Labiba Ahmad and, 198; OttomanEgyptian origins of, 33; and Sa‘d Zaghlul, 140, 178; and Woman Question , 32, 33–34 ‘Anbar, Widad Sadiq, 210 Anderson, Benedict, 82, 234n1 Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 26 Anis al-Jalis (women’s journal), 28, 151 al-Ansari, al-Sayyid Muhammad Amin, 207 Appel au secours du Peuple égyptien à la France (painting), 62–63, 63 ‘ar (shame), 44 Arab revolt (1936), 202 Armenians, 31, 85 al-‘Arusa (women’s weekly), 100, 183, 200 ‘Ashmawi, Mustafa Salih, 205 Assiout (Wisa), 163–64 Association of Muslim Youth, 203, 208, 209 Asyut, slave trade and, 30 Asyut Feminine Union, 169 Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal, 211 ‘Atiyya, Jamila, 120 aviation, photographs of, 95–96 Avierino, Alexandra, 151 Awakening of Egypt, or the Procession of Isis (painting; Naji), 64 Awakening of Egypt, The (sculpture; Mukhtar). See Nahdat Misr Ayyub, Nasif, 193–94 al-‘Aziziyya, 46, 48, 49 Badr, Muhammad, 87, 90 Badran, Margot, 4, 243–44 Badrashin, 46, 48, 49 Baer, Gabriel, 27 Bahithat al-Badiya (Malak Hifni Nasif), 27, 38, 87, 192 al-Bahrawi, Jalila Shawqi, 205 al-Balagh al-Usbu‘iyya (weekly newspaper ), 86, 132, 172, 178 Balkan Wars (1911–1912), 37 ballads, Egyptian, and national honor, 44, 50 Bank of Egypt, 200–201 al-Banna, Hasan, 208–9, 211, 212 Barakat, Hidiyya, 111, 120 Baring, Evelyn. See Cromer, Lord al-Barudi, Mahmud, 23–24 al-Basil, ‘Abd al-Sattar, 27, 192 Bayna al-Qasrayn (Between the Two Palaces; Mahfouz), 49, 116 Bayna al-Qasrayn (film; 1964), 117 Bayt al-Umma. See House of the Nation Bedouins, 27, 38 Bilbays, 98 Bint al-Shati’ (‘Aisha ‘Abd al-Rahman), 202, 207 Blunt, Wilfred, 23 bourgeoisie: emergence of, 39; familial metaphors and, 22, 39, 161, 216, 217; Islamic ideology and, 201–2, 213; photography and, 87–88 Bourse égyptienne, Le, 160 boycotts, 121, 173, 176 British Anti-Slavery Society, 23 Broadley, A. M., 24 Cairo City Police, 143, 198–99 cameras, 88, 91, 94 Capitulations, 51, 52 cartoons, political: Egypt as elite woman in, 73, 74, 77–78; Egypt as “new woman” in, 70–71, 72; Egypt as pharaonic woman in, 30, 59–60, 60, 70; Egypt as veiled woman in, 61; Egypt as young girl in, 71–72; implicit racial/sexual messages in, 73; during interwar period...