A History of Wine in America, Volume 1: From the Beginnings to Prohibition

Contents

Contents List of Illustrations xi Preface xv PART I. FROM THE DISCOVERYTO THE REVOLUTION THE BEGINNINGS, l000–1700 3 Early Explorers and Native Grapes 6 The Promise of Virginia Wine 12 The Other Colonies in the Seventeenth Century 29 THE GEORGIA EXPERIMENT 40 VIRGINIA AND THE SOUTH IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 55 South Carolina; Florida; North Carolina 5 5 Domestic Winemaking in Virginia 62 Public Interest and Public Support 69 OTHER COLONIES AND COMMUNITIES BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 83 Maryland and Pennsylvania: The Discovery of the Alexander Grape 83 The Royal Society of Arts Competition 89 The Contribution of Continental Emigrants: The Huguenots and St. Pierre 94 Other Huguenot Communities 100 The Contribution of Continental Emigrants: The Germans 102 v11 1 2 3 4 viii PART II. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INDUSTRY FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE BEGINNINGS OF A NATIVE INDUSTRY 107 Peter Legaux and the Pennsylvania Vine Company 107 Other Pioneers in the Early Republic 114 Dufour and the Beginning of Commercial Production 117 The Spirit of Jefferson and Early American Winegrowing 126 THE EARLY REPUBLIC, CONTINUED 130 George Rapp and New Harmony 130 Bonapartists in the Mississippi Territory John Adlum, "Father of American Viticulture" 139 The South in the Early Republic 149 PART III. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALIFORNIA THE SOUTHWEST AND CALIFORNIA 233 Early Winegrowing in New Mexico 233 Winegrowing in the California Mission Period 237 The Beginning of Commercial Winegrowing in Southern California 243 The Beginnings in Northern California 258 5 6 7 THE SPREAD OF COMMERCIALWINEGROWING 156 Nicholas Longworth and the Cincinnati Region 156 The Missouri Germans 174 The Development of Winegrowing in New York State 187 8 EASTERN VITICULTURE COMES OF AGE The Rise of Hybrid Grapes 203 The Creation of Institutional Supports for Winegrowing 216 The Grape Boom in the Old South 222 9 10 THE HARASZTHY LEGEND 269 CONTENTS 135 203 CONTENTS ix THE FATE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 285 The Rise and Fall of Anaheim 285 The San Gabriel Valley 294 12 CALIFORNIA TO THE END OF THE CENTURY 310 Changing Patterns and the Development of New Regions 310 Large-Scale Investment in California Winegrowing 321 Italian Swiss Colony and the Italian Contribution 327 Communal Organizations and Winegrowing 331 Winegrowing in Sonoma County: A Model of the Whole 336 13 CALIFORNIA: GROWING PAINS AND GROWING UP 341 Organizations and State Support: The Board of State Viticultural Commissioners 341 The Board's Rival: The University of California 350 Marketing Problems in the Late Nineteenth Century: The California Wine Association 355 The Growth of Related Trades and a Literature of Wine 363 Climax and Collapse 368 PART IV. THE INDUSTRYACROSS THE NATION 14 THE EASTERN UNITED STATES: FROM THE CIVIL WAR TO PROHIBITION 373 Eastern Wine and Eastern Grape Juice 374 Missouri, Kansas, and the Midwest 390 15 THE SOUTHWEST; THE SOUTH; OTHER STATES 404 Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma 404 The South 411 Other States 419 16 THE END OF THE BEGINNING: NATIONAL PROHIBITION 425 1 1 CONTENTS Appendix I. Fox Grapes and Foxiness 443 Appendix II. The Language of Wine in English 448 Notes 453 Works Cited 505 Index 525 x ...