Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores

Contributors

CONTRIBUTORS LARRY G. ALLEN Department of Biology California State University, Northridge Fish RICHARD F. AMBROSE Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of California, Los Angeles Habitat Restoration ROLAND C. ANDERSON The Seattle Aquarium Seattle, Washington Octopuses WILLIAM C. AUSTIN Khoyatan Marine Laboratory Sidney, British Columbia, Canada Sponges BONNIE A. BAIN Biology Department Southern Utah University Cedar City, Utah Pycnogonids RICHARD T. BARBER NSOE Marine Laboratory Duke University Beaufort, North Carolina Seawater JOHN A. BARTH College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University, Corvallis Upwelling RAYMOND T. BAUER Department of Biology University of Louisiana, Lafayette Shrimps KEVIN S. BEACH Department of Biology University of Tampa, Florida Algal Color MARK D. BERTNESS Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence, Rhode Island Facilitation CAROL A. BLANCHETTE Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara Seagrasses MICHAEL L. BOLLER Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove, California Wave Forces, Measurement of CAREN E. BRABY Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Moss Landing, California Cold Stress MATTHEW E. S. BRACKEN Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis Bodega Bay, California Excretion xv GEORGE M. BRANCH Department of Zoology University of Cape Town, South Africa Limpets MARK A. BRZEZINSKI Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Phytoplankton RODRIGO H. BUSTAMANTE CSIRO Marine Research Cleveland, Queensland, Australia Iguanas, Marine ROY L. CALDWELL Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Mantis Shrimps GERARD M. CAPRIULO Department of Biology St. Mary’s College of California, Moraga Protists JAMES T. CARLTON Williams-Mystic Program Williams College, Mystic, Connecticut Introduced Species ROBERT C. CARPENTER Department of Biology California State University, Northridge Algal Turfs JUAN CARLOS CASTILLA Departamento de Ecologia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Economics, Coastal FRANCIS CHAN Department of Zoology Oregon State University, Corvallis Nutrients FRANCISCO CHAVEZ Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Moss Landing, California Variability, Multidecadal ROSS A. COLEMAN Centre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities University of Sydney, Australia Homing JOSEPH H. CONNELL Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California, Santa Barbara Competition DANIEL COSTA Institute of Marine Sciences University of California, Santa Cruz Seals and Sea Lions ISABELLE M. CÔTÉ Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada Blennies JAMES A. COYER Department of Marine Biology University of Groningen, The Netherlands Algal Biogeography MOLLY CUMMINGS Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas, Austin Light, Effects of EDWARD B. CUTLER Department of Invertebrate Zoology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts Sipunculans MARYMEGAN DALY Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Ohio State University, Columbus Cnidaria, Overview WILLEM H. DE SMET Department of Biology University of Antwerp, Belgium Rotifers MARK W. DENNY Hopkins Marine Station Stanford University Pacific Grove, California Evaporation and Condensation Surface Tension Tides MEGAN N. DETHIER Friday Harbor Laboratories University of Washington, Friday Harbor Algal Crusts and Lichens Monitoring: Techniques xvi C O N T R I B U T O R S ANDREW P. DEVOGELAERE Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Monterey, California Marine Sanctuaries and Parks WILLIAM J. DOUROS Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Monterey, California Marine Sanctuaries and Parks ROBERT DUDLEY Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Air SARAH E. A. LE V. DIT DURELL Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, United Kingdom Dorchester, Dorset, United Kingdom Oystercatchers THOMAS A. EBERT Department of Zoology Oregon State University, Corvallis Sea Urchins KEVIN J. ECKELBARGER Darling Marine Center University of Maine, Orono Marine Stations GINNY L. ECKERT Department of Biology University of Alaska, Juneau Sea Cucumbers DOUGLAS J. EERNISSE Department of Biological Science California State University, Fullerton Chitons RICHARD B. EMLET Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon, Charleston Echinoderms, Overview JAMES A. ESTES United States Geological Survey Santa Cruz, California Sea Otters RON ETTER Department of Biology University of Massachusetts, Boston Snails PATRICK J. EWANCHUK Department of Biology Providence College Providence, Rhode Island Predator Avoidance MIRIAM FERNÁNDEZ Department of Ecology Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Biodiversity, Global Patterns of PIETER AREND FOLKENS Alaska Whale Foundation Seattle, Washington Symbolic and Cultural Uses BENJAMIN A. FOOTE Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent, Ohio Flies DOUGLAS FUDGE Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Ontario, Canada Materials, Biological STEVEN D. GAINES Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara Dispersal El Niño Marine Reserves Recruitment BRIAN GAYLORD Bodega Marine Laboratory University of California, Davis Bodega Bay, California Hydrodynamic Forces JONATHAN B. GELLER Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Moss...