American Empire: Roosevelt’s Geographer and the Prelude to Globalization

Contents

CONTENTS List of Maps ix Prologue xi Acknowledgments xxiii 1. The Lost Geography of the American Century 1 PART I. FROM EXPLORATION TO ENTERPRISE: GEOGRAPHY ON THE CUSP OF EMPIRE 2. 1898 and the Making of a Practical Man 31 3. “Conditional Conquest”: Geography, Labor, and Exploration in South America 53 4. The Search for Geographical Order: The American Geographical Society 83 PART II. THE RISE OF FOREIGN POLICY LIBERALISM: THE GREAT WAR AND THE NEW WORLD 5. The Inquiry: Geography and a “Scientific Peace” 113 6. A Last Hurrah for Old World Geographies: Fixing Space at the Paris Peace Conference 139 7. “Revolutionarily Yours”: The New World, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Making of Liberal Foreign Policy 181 PART III. THE EMPIRE AT HOME: SCIENCE AND POLITICS 8. “The Geography of Internal Affairs”: Pioneer Settlement as National Economic Development 211 9. The Kantian University: Science and Nation Building at Johns Hopkins 235 PART IV. THE AMERICAN LEBENSRAUM 10. Geopolitics: The Reassertion of Old World Geographies 273 11. Silence and Refusal: Refugees, Race, and Economic Development 293 12. Settling Affairs with the Old World: Dismembering Germany? 317 13. Toward Development: Shaking Loose the Colonies 347 14. Frustrated Globalism, Compromise Geographies: Designing the United Nations 374 PART V. THE BITTER END 15. Defeat from the Jaws of Victory 419 16. Geographical Solicitude, Vital Anomaly 454 Collections Consulted 463 Notes 465 Index 539 viii / contents ...