Index
Index 371 Abbeys of the Munificent Saint (Youshengguan), 159 Abhijñà (five superhuman powers), 183, 185 afterlife. See ancestors; death; ghosts; immortality; Lord of Mount Tai; Queen Mother of the West; tomb documents; tomb furnishings; tombs; underworld; xian immortals Ahern, Emily Martin, 10 Akatsuka, Kiyoshi, 23 Album of the Specters and Apparitions of White Marsh (Baize jingguai tu), 85, 89, 106 Album of theTrue Forms of the Five Marchmounts (Wuyue zhenxing tu), 88–89 Album of White Marsh (Baize tu), 84–86, 89 almanacs, 5, 65 Amitàbha (Amituofo), 67, 144, 174 Analects, 86 ancestors: in Buddhist eschatology, 68– 69, 139–40, 142–44; as category of divine beings, 6–7, 13, 19, 161, 258; as gods of Shang religion, 20–21, 23–25; and grievances against the living, 23, 56–57, 66, 76, 98–99, 115; in modern Taiwanese religion, 6–7; mortuary ritual and, 3, 23, 45– 59, 105, 138–43, 155; and punishment in afterlife, 52–57, 135–44; sacrifices to, 20–21, 23–25, 28–31, 46, 65, 140; in Zhou religion, 28–30 ancestral temples, 24, 28–29, 47, 140, 277n8 An Lushan rebellion, 130, 144 “Annals of the Strange” (zhiguai), 73, 92, 152, 280n64 anomaly: association with barbarism, 79– 84; in correlative cosmology, 80–82, 84; and physical mutation, 82–97. See also human-beast hybrids; mushi zhi guai; omens; specters; wilderness regions antipodes, 91 apes: associated with wilderness spirits, 90–94 Apratihata assemblies, 195–96 Archer Yi, 60 Assemblies to Gather Resources for Return to the West (Xizishe), 146 AMvakarJa, 193, 195 Avalambana Feast (ghost festival), 142–43, 145 AvalokiteMvara. See Guanyin Avíci Hell, 143 Baidi. See White Thearch Bakhtin, Mikhail, 18 Baodingshan shrine, 136–37, 139 baojuan (precious scrolls), 249, 264, 319n123 Baoningsi Monastery, 125 Baoshan (Huaguang) Temple (Hangzhou), 193, 219 baoying (retribution), 15 Beidi (Thearch of the North), 120–21, 135, 159. See also Zhenwu benming. See original destiny Biancai Yuanjing, 148, 294n51 bianwen (“transformation texts”), 143 bianxiang (“transformation images”), 136, 139, 143, 157, 295n75, 299n127 Bifang, 41 bin (guest) ritual, 25, 273n17 Bixia Yuanjun, 212 Black Killer (Heisha), 121 blood sacrifices (xueshi): in Eastern Zhou ancestor cult, 29–30; in Han and Era of Disunion religion, 58, 64–65, 119, 153, 282n28; and local tutelary deities, 58, 64–65, 119; renounced by Daoists, 64–65, 74; in Song religion, 145; in Wutong cult, 187, 206, 230 boat exorcisms, 120, 227, 290n71 bodhisattva: as Buddhist savior, 67; as generic name for deity, 226; See Guanyin; Maitreya; MañjuMrí Boltz, William, 105 Book of Transformations (Huashu), 122 Boqi (demon), 283n36 Boyou, 32 Broad Munificence, King of (Guangyou wang), 174 budao (impiety), 3 Buddhism: Buddhist temples, 133–34, 139–40, 144–46, 148, 150; lay practices in, 144–52; Mahàyàna tradition of, 67–69, 71; place of, in Chinese religion, 7–12, 15, 67–69; and punishment in underworld, 68– 69, 74, 135–40; salvation in, 67–69, 71, 76, 141–51; in the Song, 135– 55; state regulation of, 158, 201–2; and vernacularization of ritual, 144– 5, 305n71. See also Guanyin; Miaoshan ; Mulian; Pure Land Buddhism; ritual; Tiantai Buddhism buyun (replenishing one’s fate), 233–34 Cai Yong, 104 caishen. See god of wealth; Guandi; Wusheng; Wutong; Zhao Gongming Campany, Robert, 14, 73, 80 Canhua Wusheng (Silk Floss Wusheng), 226, 254, 320n133 Canon of Great Peace (Taiping jing), 114–15, 289n58 Cao Cao, 63 Cedzich, Ursula-Angelika, 183, 197 Celestial Masters. See Way of the Celestial Masters Celestial Thearch (Tiandi), 34, 38, 53– 56, 64, 99, 158; Emissary of the, 278n22, 288n42 celestial treasury, 232–33 charisma, 20–21, 23–24, 26–27, 47, 258 chayan. See tea séance Chen Chun, 192 Cheng, Emperor of Han, 4 chenghuang: as “city god,” 134, 169; in Daoist theology, 170, 197; as lord of underworld, 169–70, 172, 258; in Ming religious reforms, 170, 201; in popular pantheons, 173 Chetou Wusheng (Silk Reel Wusheng), 254 chimei (goblins and fairies), 4, 280n4 Chiyou, 72, 121; and exorcism, 108– 10, 119, 128, 288nn42,44; in Han religion, 42, 49; and Huangdi, 39– 41, 125, 276nn57,59,63 civil service examinations, 122, 140, 239; divine aid for success in, 174–75, 198, 219, 233 Ciyun Zunshi, 144–48 Classic of the Mountains and Seas (Shanhai jing): on illness, 99, 109; on prodigies, 58, 82, 84, 90–91, 183 cogeneration, 261 Commandant Jin, 224–25, 316n89; as god of wealth, 241 compassion, feminization of, 151–52, 179 Confucian temples, 241 Confucius...
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