Notes
Notes 119 PREFACE 1. The Monros were exclusively physicians to Bethlem from 1728 until Dr. (later Sir) George Leman Tuthill (1772–1835) was appointed joint physician alongside Edward Thomas Monro in 1816. Thereafter, a Monro continued to act as joint physician until 1853. 2. Jonathan Andrews, Asa Briggs, Roy Porter, Penny Tucker, and Keir Waddington, The History of Bethlem (London: Routledge, 1997). For an assessment , see Andrew Scull, “Bethlem Demystified?” Medical History 43 (1999), pp. 248–55. 3. For such judgments of Monro as an arch-conservative, see (among others) Richard Hunter and Ida Macalpine, “Introduction,” in the facsimile edition of William Battie, A Treatise on Madness, and John Monro, Remarks on Dr Battie’s Treatise on Madness (London: Dawson’s, 1962), pp. 7–21; Klaus Doerner, Madmen and the Bourgeoisie (Oxford: Blackwell, 1981), pp. 39–46; Roy Porter, Mind-Forg’d Manacles: A History of Madness in England from the Restoration to the Regency (London: Athlone, 1987), esp. pp. 128–29, 192–93, 206–8; George Rousseau, “Science,” in The Eighteenth Century, ed. Pat Rogers (London: Methuen, 1978), pp. 153–207; and Rousseau, “Psychology,” The Ferment of Knowledge, eds. George Rousseau and Roy Porter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), pp. 143–210. The lone, but persuasive, exception to this scholarly consensus is Akihito Suzuki, “Mind and Its Disease in Enlightenment Medicine” (unpublished Ph.D. diss., University of London, 1992), pp. 221–68. Our own reassessment of John Monro and his place in eighteenth -century mad-doctoring may be found in the companion to the present volume : Jonathan Andrews and Andrew Scull, Undertaker of the Mind: John Monro and Mad-Doctoring in Eighteenth-Century England (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001). 1. CUSTOMERS, PATRONS, AND THEIR MAD-DOCTOR 1. David Ingleby, “Mental Health and the Social Order,” Social Order and the State: Historical and Comparative Essays, eds. Stanley Cohen and Andrew Scull (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983), p. 142. 2. See, for example, R. A. Houston, Madness and Society in EighteenthCentury Scotland (Oxford: Clarendon, 2000); Roy Porter, A Social History of Madness: Stories of the Insane (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987); John Walton, “Casting Out and Bringing Back in Victorian England: Pauper Lunatics, 1840–1870,” The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry, eds. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter, and Michael Shepherd, vol. 2 (London: Routledge, 1985), pp. 132–46; Richard Adair, Bill Forsythe, and Joseph Melling, “A Danger to the Public? Disposing of Pauper Lunatics in Late-Victorian and Edwardian England,” Medical History 42 (1998), pp. 1–25; Adair, Melling, and Forsythe, “Migration, Family Structure, and Pauper Lunacy in Victorian England: Admissions to the Devon County Pauper Lunatic Asylum, 1845–1900,” Continuity and Change 12 (1997), pp. 373–401; Melling, Adair, and Forsythe, “‘A Proper Lunatic for Two Years’: Pauper Lunatic Children in Victorian and Edwardian England: Child Admissions to the Devon County Asylum,” Journal of Social History 30 (1997), pp. 371–405; Akihito Suzuki, “The Household and the Care of Lunatics in Eighteenth-Century London,” The Locus of Care: Families, Communities , Institutions, and the Provision of Welfare since Antiquity, eds. Peregrine Horden and Richard Smith (London: Routledge, 1998), pp. 153–75; and many of the papers in two recent edited collections: Insanity, Institutions and Society, 1800–1914: A Social History of Madness in Comparative Perspective, eds. Joseph Melling and Bill Forsythe (London: Routledge, 1999); and Outside the Walls of the Asylum: The History of Care in the Community, 1750–2000, eds. Peter Bartlett and David Wright (London: Athlone, 1999). 3. For the historiography, see Andrew Scull, “Somatic Treatments and the Historiography of Psychiatry,” History of Psychiatry 5 (1994), pp. 1–12; Scull, “Psychiatrists and Historical ‘Facts’: Part One: The Historiography of Somatic Treatments,” History of Psychiatry 6 (1995), pp. 225–41; Scull, “Psychiatric Therapeutics and the Historian: Problems and Prospects,” Histoire de la psychiatrie : Nouvelles approches, nouvelles perspectives, eds. Jacques Gasser and Vincent Barras (Lausanne, Switzerland: Payot, in press). For two splendid recent exceptions to this pattern of neglect, see Joel Braslow, Mental Ills and Bodily Cures: Psychiatric Treatment in the First Half of the Twentieth Century (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1997); and David Healy, The Anti-Depressant Era (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998). 4. “Historians have always found therapeutics an awkward piece of business . . . on the whole, they have responded by ignoring it”; Charles E. Rosenberg , “The Therapeutic Revolution: Medicine, Meaning, and Social Change,” The Therapeutic Revolution, eds. Morris J. Vogel and Charles E. Rosenberg (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1976), p. 4. Led...
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