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Contents List of Tables and Figures v Introduction vii Why This Book viii Professional Development viii Practical Tool x CHAPTER 1: An Introduction to Understanding Assessment 1 Why Do You Need This Book? 1 Guiding Principles 4 Organization 5 CHAPTER 2: Planning 7 Developing a Plan 7 The Process for the Plan 8 Program Description 8 Parameters 8 Goals 10 Parameters 10 Composing Goal Statements 11 Formative Activities 13 Ways to Enhance Learning 13 Summative Activities 17 Accountability 17 Resource Evaluation 20 Be Realistic 20 Writing a Plan 21 Bringing It All Together 21 CHAPTER 3: Tools 23 Types of Evidence 23 Collection Procedures 24 Production Tasks 25 Writing Samples 25 iii Objective Tests 28 Consultation Transcripts 29 Evaluation Guides 39 Rubrics 39 Observation Protocols 45 Checklists 46 Quantitative Measures 48 Indirect Measures 51 Questionnaires 51 Attitudinal Surveys 55 Focus Groups 65 Database Design 67 General Guidelines 67 CHAPTER 4: Reporting 73 The Report Process 73 Chapter Organization 75 Data Analysis 75 Types of Data 75 Uses of Data 78 Reliability and Validity 80 Reliability 80 Validity 82 Reports 83 Final Thoughts 83 CHAPTER 5: Worksheets 101 Program Description 102 Working with Example Goal Statements 106 Goals Development 108 Goals Development 2 110 Formative Assessments 112 Summative Assessment 114 Resource Evaluation 116 Writing Assessment Plan 118 Observation Record 121 Observation Evaluation 122 Reliability Worksheet 123 Validity Worksheet 125 Glossary 127 iv Contents ...

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